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Bulk Particle Production A Global View

Delve into the nuances of bulk particle properties and production, analyzing global observables and control parameters across different collision energies and systems. Explore how particle density and multiplicity evolve with centrality, energy, and system size. Investigate the shape of distributions and thermal fit parameters to understand the transverse dynamics of produced hadrons. Unravel the complexities of baryon number transport and system evolution from dense initial states in diverse collision scenarios.

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Bulk Particle Production A Global View

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  1. Bulk Particle Production A Global View Gunther Roland

  2. Parameters Concepts How many needed to describe average collision? Bulk Properties Single Au+Au Collision O(104) 4-Vectors Provide background (5 - 15% accuracy) against which we can search for structure

  3. Global Observable Control Parameter “Global Observables” need to be understood in context Global Observables

  4. Drees, QM ‘01 sinel=42 mb (RHIC) sinel=33 mb (SPS) sinel=21 mb (low AGS) PHOBOS Glauber MC Control Parameters System-Size Energy Also: Different systems (different nuclei, pp, pA, e+e-)

  5. Bulk Properties

  6. Energy dN/dh Centrality Pseudorapidity I. Particle Density near Mid-Rapidity How does Density at 90o change with Energy and Centrality? Please, see poster by Sasha Milow !

  7. “Midrapidity Density” Particle Density near Mid-Rapidity Beware of the Jacobian! dN/dh = <b> dN/dy

  8. Particle Density near Mid-Rapidity Logarithmic Rise with Collision Energy

  9. Lexus (Kapusta,Jeon) Incoherent p+p superposition CGC (McLerran, Venugopalan) “Coherence” of Hardon Production Particle Density near Mid-Rapidity Models prior to RHIC

  10. 200 GeV 130 GeV 19.6 GeV Surprising Lack of Energy Dependence Centrality Dependence at |h| < 1

  11. Energy dN/dh Centrality Pseudorapidity II. 4-p Multiplicity <Nch> How does Integral over 4-p, <Nch>, change with Energy and Centrality?

  12. Nch vs Npart in d+Au see talk by Rachid Nouicer PHOBOS preliminary <Nch>pp*Npart PHOBOS preliminary d+Au Multiplicity proportional to p+p Multiplicity * Npart

  13. Nch vs Npart in Au+Au 200 GeV central <Nch>e+e-*Npart 200 GeV dN/dh/<1/2 Npart> peripheral 130 GeV central peripheral 19.6 GeV 19.6 GeV Pseudorapidity Au+Au Multiplicity proportional to Npart

  14. Energy dN/dh Centrality Pseudorapidity III. Shape of dN/dh Distributions How does Shape of dN/dh (dN/dy) change with Energy? Reaching the Central Plateau?

  15. E895 E895 E895 BRAHMS prel. NA49 NA49 Boost-invariance? p+ dN/dy spectra Single Gaussian fits from 2 to 200 GeV

  16. Landau Hydrodynamics Carruthers, Duong-Van on pp data in 1973:

  17. <Nch> vs sqrt(s) revisited Carruthers, Duong-Van on pp and e+e- data in 1983:

  18. IV. Spectrum of Produced Hadrons Temperature Chemical Potential Mass Quantum Numbers Yield Hagedorn, Becattini, Braun-Munzinger, Cleymans, Letessier, Mekijan,Rafelski, Redlich,Stachel, Tounsi

  19. Spectrum of Produced Hadrons

  20. “Thermal Fit” Parameters vs sqrt(s)

  21. V. Transverse Dynamics

  22. Structure in Inverse Slope vs sqrt(s)

  23. Summary • Data can indeed by reduced efficiently • We’re doing Thermodynamics! • Total Multiplicity • Proportional to Npart • Rises like s1/4 from mid-SPS Energy Range • p dN/dy Distributions • Single Gaussian with width s2 ~ 0.5 ln(s/4mp) • Statistical Fits describe Hadron Abundances • Systematic Evolution, Limiting Temperature • Correspondence with other ‘Hadronic’ Systems • p+p, p+A, e+e- • Max Entropy Evolution from Dense Initial State • How is the Initial State Prepared? • Baryon Number Transport?

  24. x + Coincidence? This is a cartoon! (so far) Model H pp Nmin - Nmax 5.0 Predictions dN/dh||h|<1 /<0.5 Npart>(200 GeV) e+e- A+A 3.7 Ratio RRHIC/SPS 1.8 2.5

  25. Particle Ratios in d+Au: p/p vs Centrality Au+Au Phys. Rev. C 67, 021901R (2003) nucl-ex/0309013 - submitted to PRC Constant p/p ratio vs centrality Disagreement with expectations/models

  26. Npart scaling?

  27. Rapidity Distributions at 200 GeV PHOBOS QM’02, Steinberg q q 200 GeV Central Au+Au e+e- measures dN/dyT(rapidity relative to“thrust” axis) h yT AA/pp ~ 1.4-1.5 Surprising agreement in shape between AA/e+e- /pp Correspondence between perturbative and non-perturbative approaches?

  28. Transverse Energy near h=0 PHENIX QM ‘02 nucl-ex/0209025 PHENIX QM ‘02 nucl-ex/0209025 • dET/dh exhibits smooth rise vs sqrt(s) • Surprisingly, <ET> per particle at h=0 constant • even though p+p spectra get much harder with sqrt(s)

  29. Transverse Energy near h=0 STAR QM ‘02 nucl-ex/02111021 PHENIX QM ‘02 nucl-ex/0209025 D<ET> < 10% D<pT> ~ 20%

  30. Net Proton dN/dy

  31. Transverse Energy vs Npart STAR QM ‘02 nucl-ex/0211021, poster M. Calderon PHENIX QM ‘02 nucl-ex/0209025 STAR prel. 130 GeV 200 GeV • dET/dh and <pT> independent of Npart above Npart ~50

  32. Boost-invariance?

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