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Understanding And Managing Organizational Behavior 4th Edition. Chapter 12: Leaders and Leadership. JENNIFER GEORGE & GARETH JONES. What is Leadership?. Exerting influence Helping a group achieve its goals. Leadership.
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Understanding And Managing Organizational Behavior 4th Edition Chapter 12:Leaders and Leadership JENNIFER GEORGE & GARETH JONES
What is Leadership? • Exerting influence • Helping a group achieve its goals
Leadership • Leaders are individuals who exert influence to help meet group goals • Formal • Informal • Leader effectiveness is the extent to which a leader actually does help
Early Approaches to Leadership • Leader Trait Approach • Behavior Approach • Fiedler’s Contingency Model
Intelligence Task-relevant knowledge Dominance Self-confidence Energy/activity levels Tolerance for stress Integrity and honesty Emotional maturity The Leader Trait Approach
The Leader Behavior Approach • Consideration • Initiating structure
The Behavior Approach • Leader Reward Behavior • Leader Punishing Behavior
Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of Leadership • Leadership effectiveness determined by • The characteristic of individuals • The situations in which they find themselves • Distinct leader styles • Relationship-oriented • Task-oriented
Measuring Leader Style • Least preferred co-employee scale • High LPC leaders = relationship-oriented • Low LPC leaders = task-oriented
Situational Characteristics • Leader-Member Relations • Task Structure • Position Power
Relationship-oriented Wants to be liked by and to get along well with subordinates Getting job done is second priority Task-oriented Wants high performance and accomplishment of all tasks Getting job done is first priority Table 2.2 Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of Leadership
Contemporary Perspectives on Leadership • Path-Goal Theory • Vroom and Yetton Model • Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Path-Goal Theory A theory which describes how leaders can motivate their followers to achieve group and organizational goals and the kinds of behaviors leaders can engage in to motivate followers.
Guidelines for Path-Goal Theory • Determine what outcomes subordinates are trying to obtain in the workplace • Reward subordinates for performing at a high level or achieving their work goals by giving them desired outcomes • Make sure subordinates believe that they can obtain their work goals and perform at a high level
Path-Goal Theory: Types of Behaviors • Directive behavior • Supportive behavior • Participative behavior • Achievement-oriented behavior
Vroom and Yetton Model • Autocratic • Consultative • Group • Delegated
Leadership Substitutes and Neutralizers • Characteristics of the subordinate • Characteristics of the work • Characteristics of the group • Characteristics of the organization
New Topics in Leadership Research • Transformational and Charismatic Leadership • Transactional Leadership • Leader Mood • Gender and Leadership
Characteristics of Transformational Leadership • Charisma • Intellectual Stimulation • Developmental Consideration