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Exploring Waves: Nature, Properties, and Phenomena

Investigate basic wave properties like speed, wavelength, and frequency, and explore wave phenomena such as reflection and interference. Study various wave types including transverse and longitudinal waves.

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Exploring Waves: Nature, Properties, and Phenomena

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  1. Chapter-15Making Waves

  2. Objectives • To investigate the basic nature of waves and their properties. • Wave Properties: Speed, Wavelength, Frequency, and Period. • Wave Phenomena: Reflection, Interference, and Transmission. • Waves on a string, sound waves, music, and Doppler effect.

  3. Ocean Waves Wave is a traveling disturbance. Wave carries energy from place to place.

  4. Types of waves

  5. Transverse waves A transverse wave is one in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave. Examples: Light wave, waves on a guitar string.

  6. Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal wave is one in which the disturbance is parallel to the line of travel of the wave. Example: Sound wave in air is a longitudinal wave. Q8

  7. What is a periodic wave? Periodic waves are waves that repeat.

  8. Amplitude, Wavelength, and Period The amplitude, A is the maximum disturbance. The wavelength,λ  is the horizontal length of one cycle of the wave. The period, T is the time required for one complete up/down cycle of the wave.

  9. Frequency and Period

  10. Wave Speed E2

  11. Waves on a Rope

  12. Periodic Wave

  13. Harmonic Wave

  14. The Speed of Wave on a String

  15. Guitar The strings on a steel-string guitar have different weights, µ = m/L. Q13

  16. Principle of Superposition When two or more waves are present simultaneously at the same place, the resultant disturbance is the sum of the disturbances from the individual waves.

  17. Constructive Interference of Sound Waves

  18. Destructive Interference

  19. Standing Waves

  20. Nodes and Antinodes

  21. What determines the frequency of a wave on a guitar string?

  22. Longitudinal Standing Waves Musical instruments in the wind family depend on longitudinal standing waves in producing sound. Since wind instruments (trumpet, flute, clarinet, pipe organ, etc.) are modified tubes or columns of air, it is useful to examine the standing waves that can be set up in such tubes.

  23. Standing-Wave Patterns

  24. Doppler Effect

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