Eurostat project Analysis of GHG emissions in air transport

1. Eurostat project Analysis of GHG emissions in air transport TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

2. How it started…. • Experiences made by CSO Ireland with mapping administrative data and statistical data • Data available at the EEA website EMEP/CORINAIR • Using Eurostat Statistical data without putting extra burden to Member States TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

3. Project objectives • Recommendations for developing methodsenabling integrating available Eurostat data with data on GHG emissions for air transport available in other organisations. • Proposals for information disseminationhow results could be made available to a larger audience using the Eurostat website. • Description of data sourcesIndication of the coverage and quality of data available in different data sources. TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

4. Project activities Activity 1: Revision of the State- of-Art in relation to Air Transport Emissions modelling Revision of the most recent developments in the literature related to GHG emissions in air transport Activity 2: Preliminary Inventory of Data Sources Inventory of relevant data sources from EU institutions in order to create a clearer picture of the available information TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

5. Project activities Activity 3: Assessment of possibilities for data linkage and production of indicators Proposals for the use of available transport data in Eurostat in linkage with other sources, so that indicators on GHG emissions by air transport can be produced systematically. Activity 4: Reporting and Dissemination of results Preparation of a detailed analysis report and a power point presentation summarising the results of the study and including recommendations, to be presented during international meetings TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

6. Methodology • EMEP/EEA model: • Based on the “detailed methodology” of the LTO and cruise model EMEP/EEA • Based on modelled fuel burn ratio over distances flown by typical aircraft types • Default method for preparing emission inventories of air traffic in the EU and countries under the EMEP/CLRTAP protocol TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

7. Methodology SET model: • Based on the integrated Small Emitters’ Tool (Eurocontrol) • Based on empirical statistical averaged fuel burn ratios over distances flown by many different aircraft types • Accepted alternative for reporting by Small Emitters in the EU ETS legislation. TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

8. Input data • Air traffic: • origin and destination • aircraft type • number of flights • volume of passengers and freight carried • Distances covered • Fuel consumed by respective aircraft • Emission factors TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

9. Input data – air traffic TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

10. Input data – air traffic constraints • Double Counting Avoidance of double-counting is possible when (1) using unique flight identification numbers or (2) only departure declarations for the national and intra-EU flights are used • Aircraft Types Some aircrafts have to be substituted by other generic aircraft types (e.g. Airbus 300 substituted by the generic A310). TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

11. Input data – air traffic constraints • Airport codes The pair airport code not always disclosed • Airline information Airline information is not always transmitted (confidentiality issue) • Traffic data for emission calculations Data on passengers, seats available and freight used to allocate the emissions to passengers and cargo TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

12. Input data: Airport to airport distances • The great-circle distance (WebILSE database) allows to obtain the shortest distance for each airport pair • Problem: the real distances covered often differ from the shortest distance between the airports • Solution: correction factor TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

13. Input data: Aircraft databases TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

14. Input data: Aircraft databases • Problem: • No information that is linked to the emission data • Limited number of aircraft types (in EMEP/EEA and SET) with respect to real world and in ProdA1 database TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

15. Input data: Emission factors • What they are? • Fixed ratios between activity levels and amount of polluants produced by the activity level • Two types: • Fuel-dependant emission factors • Technology-dependant emission factors TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

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18. Future….. An example: integrating data on emission types, in already used maps such as…. TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

19. Recommendations Which model? SET model is an option, because: 97% of aircraft types presented in Eurostat air traffic data is covered by this model TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

20. Recommendations Which aircraft database? ICAO aircraft codes database, because: Eurostat and SET use ICAO codes Small issue:3% of aircraft types from Eurostat database are not included Recommendation:use surrogate aircraft TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

21. Recommendations • How to calculate the distance of an airport pair? Use a dynamical distance calculation: • Table of airport pairs (to be created) • Great circle distance formula • Correction factor TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

22. What questions can be answered now? • How much CO2 is emitted by aircraft in Europe in year xxxx? • How much CO2 is emitted by aircraft in a specific country? • How much CO2 is emitted between 1 specific airport pair? • How much CO2 is emitted by an aircraft from a specific type? • How much CO2 is emitted due to passenger transport? • How much CO2 is emitted due to freight transport? • What is the overall trend in specific CO2-emission per passenger.km? • What is the overall trend in specific CO2-emission per freight tonne.km? SUMMARY: Effects of air traffic evolution and technological evolution on emissions can be monitored TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

23. and what can not be answered… • What is the difference in CO2-emissions between individual airline operators flying with the same aircraft type? • What is the effect of improved flight procedures (like CDA) on CO2-emissions of aircraft? • What is the effect of rerouting of aircraft on CO2-emissions as a consequence certain reasons like volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events like thunderstorms? • What is the effect of improved routing of aircraft by improved centralised flight planning? • SUMMARY: Effects of changes on actual flight profiles on emissions cannot be monitored TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel

24. What could be the next step….. • Use the Eurostat data collection to produce for longer time series air traffic GHG-emissions. • Objectives: • find solutions and work-around for practical problems • test the produced dataset against Eurostat criteria for publication • integration in the Eurostat statistical production process TFEIP-EIONET Meeting Stockholm Transport panel