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Respiratory System Lecture 2

Respiratory System Lecture 2. Bronchioles. Question: Are the alveoli always at the end of the 24 th division of the tertiary (segmental) bronchi? Answer: (See figure) This number is approximate. These bronchi can divide up to 24 times, but don’t always.

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Respiratory System Lecture 2

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  1. Respiratory SystemLecture 2

  2. Bronchioles Question: Are the alveoli always at the end of the 24th division of the tertiary (segmental) bronchi? Answer: (See figure) This number is approximate. These bronchi can divide up to 24 times, but don’t always. http://www.ecc-book.com/Anatomy_Lecture_1_Lungs.pdf

  3. Pleurae • 2 separate sacs • Pleural layers continuous in each sac • Costal: pertaining to ribs Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 41.

  4. Overview Bones Ribs/ribcage Vertebral column Muscles Thoracic Accessory Diaphragm Abdominal

  5. Clavicle and Sternum • Clavicle (collarbone) • Sternum (breastbone) • Manubrium • Sternal angle • Body • Xiphoid/Ensiform process http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage.html

  6. Vertebral Column C1-C7 • 32-34 Vertebrae • 7 cervical (C#) • 12 thoracic (T#) • 5 lumbar (L#) • 5 sacral (S#) • fused- sacrum • 3-5 coccygeal (none) • fused- coccyx T1-T12 L1-L5 Sacrum Coccyx http://www.everythingicafe.com/forum/threads/this-case-looks-awesome.28863/page-10

  7. Rib Anatomy • 2 connections with thoracic vertebrae • Angle: where direction of rib changes to anterior • Costal groove: protects blood vessels and nerves • Costochondral joint: connects rib (bone) and costal cartilage http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/thoraxbones.htm

  8. Ribs: Vertebral Connections Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 48. http://retilde.wordpress.com/category/rib-cage/

  9. Ribcage • 12 rib pairs • Connected to vertebrae • True ribs (7) • Synchondrosis (rib 1) • synovial/sternocostal joints • False ribs (3) • Floating ribs (2) http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/R/rib-cage.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNo5HJIY5w4

  10. Scapula (shoulder blade) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapula

  11. Overview Bones Ribs/ribcage Vertebral column Muscles Thoracic Accessory Diaphragm Abdominal

  12. Thoracic Muscles Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Serratus (3) LevatoresCostarum Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Diaphragm Transversus Abdominus

  13. Thoracic Muscles External Intercostals Internal Intercostals

  14. Chest Wall/Thoracic Cavity Muscles • External intercostals • Between ribs (11) • Origin: vertebrae • Course down and lateral • Insertion: costal cartilages • Contract: ribs move up and out http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5283/ Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

  15. Chest Wall/Thoracic Cavity Muscles • Internal intercostals • Between ribs (11) • Origin: sternum • Course down and lateral (opposite external intercostals) • Insertion: rib angle • Contract: ribs move down and in http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5287/ Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 59.

  16. Thoracic Muscles Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Serratus (3) LevatoresCostarum Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Diaphragm Transversus Abdominus

  17. Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus Serratus LevatoresCostarum Posterior Superior Posterior Inferior Anterior

  18. Accessory Muscles • Sternocleidomastoid • Origins: manubrium of sternum and clavicle • Unite and course upward • Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone • Contract: when head is fixed, bilateral contraction elevates sternum, clavicle, ribcage http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5086/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  19. Accessory Muscles • Transversusthoracis • Origin: lower sternum • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: depresses ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5289/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  20. Accessory Muscles • Scalenus • Origin: cervical vertebrae • Insertion: ribs 1 & 2 • Contract: raises ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5270/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5267/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5262/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  21. Accessory Muscles • Serratus anterior • Origin: ribs • Insertion: scapula • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior superior • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior inferior • Origin: thoracic/lumbar vertebrae • Insertion: lower ribs • Contract: depresses ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5505/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5284/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5285/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  22. Accessory Muscles • Levatorescostarum • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: rib below origin • Contract: elevate ribs (similar to external intercostals) http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5238/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  23. Thoracic Muscles Accessory Muscles Sternocleido- mastoid TransversusThoracis Scalenus External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Serratus (3) LevatoresCostarum Abdominal Muscles Rectus Abdominus Obliques (2) Diaphragm Transversus Abdominus

  24. Diaphragm

  25. Diaphragm • Major muscle of inspiration • Sheet of muscle and tendon between the lungs and abdomen • Dome-shaped • Muscle: 3 attachments • Sternal origin: Xiphoid process • Costal origin: costal cartilages 7-12 • Vertebral origin: upper lumbar vertebrae (crura) • Right crus: L1-L3 or L4 • Left crus: L1-L2 Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 20.

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