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Respiratory System Lecture 4

Respiratory System Lecture 4. Outline. Breathing Basics Bigger Breaths Breathing for Speech. Inspiration. Expiration. Diaphragm. External Intercostals. Abdominal Muscles. Internal Intercostals. Accessory Muscles. Accessory Muscles?. Inspiration. Inspiration. Diaphragm: down.

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Respiratory System Lecture 4

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  1. Respiratory SystemLecture 4

  2. Outline • Breathing Basics • Bigger Breaths • Breathing for Speech

  3. Inspiration Expiration Diaphragm External Intercostals Abdominal Muscles Internal Intercostals Accessory Muscles Accessory Muscles?

  4. Inspiration Inspiration Diaphragm: down External Intercostals: ribs up and out Abdominal Muscles: down and out

  5. Accessory Muscles • Sternocleidomastoid • Origins: manubrium of sternum and clavicle • Unite and course upward • Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone • Contract: when head is fixed, bilateral contraction elevates sternum, clavicle, ribcage http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5086/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  6. Accessory Muscles • Scalenus • Origin: cervical vertebrae • Insertion: ribs 1 & 2 • Contract: raises ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5270/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5267/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5262/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  7. Accessory Muscles • Levatorescostarum • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: rib below origin • Contract: elevate ribs (similar to external intercostals) http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5238/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  8. Accessory Muscles • Serratus anterior • Origin: ribs • Insertion: scapula • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior superior • Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: elevates ribs • Serratus posterior inferior • Origin: thoracic/lumbar vertebrae • Insertion: lower ribs • Contract: depresses ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5505/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5284/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5285/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  9. Accessory Muscles • Transversusthoracis • Origin: lower sternum • Insertion: upper ribs • Contract: depresses ribs http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5289/ Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

  10. Inspiration Expiration Diaphragm External Intercostals Abdominal Muscles Internal Intercostals Accessory Muscles Accessory Muscles Serratus Posterior Inferior TransversusThoracis Sternocleido-mastoid LevatoresCostarum Scalenus Serratus: Anterior & Posterior Superior

  11. Outline • Breathing Basics • Bigger Breaths • Breathing for Speech

  12. Lung Volume • Tidal breathing excursion: 10% VC • Inspiration for conversation: 60% VC • Inspiration for loud reading: 80% VC Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 31.

  13. Lung Pressure • Measured in cm H2O • Sustained vowel: 6 cm H2O • Conversation: 3-20 cm H2O • Loud yell: 80 cm H2O Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 34.

  14. Why can you generate larger pressures at larger lung volumes? • Boyle’s Law: PV = constant

  15. Sustained Vowel Phonation • How do we maintain the same expiratory pressure for speech when lung volumes are changing? • Passive forces • Muscle effort starts at 55% VC Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 91.

  16. Speech Production • Muscle contractions oppose relaxation pressure with desired pressure as the end result • Relaxation pressure – Subglottal pressure = Amount of muscle activity • 55% VC relaxation pressure maintains subglottal pressure Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 92.

  17. Larynx/Vocal Folds • Larynx • Houses the vocal folds • Vocal folds • Valve air • Protective mechanism • Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement (PVFM) or Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) glottis http://www.homebusinessandfamilylife.com/larynx.html http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/normal-vocal-cords

  18. Lung Pressure • Measured in cm H2O • Sustained vowel: 6 cm H2O • Conversation: 3-20 cm H2O • Loud yell: 80 cm H2O Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 34.

  19. Types of Breathing • Clavicular: shoulders move up and down during breathing • Thoracic: balance of movement during breathing between the thoracic and abdominal regions • Diaphragmatic (Abdominal): most of the movement during breathing occurs in the abdominal area

  20. Movie- Charity (Physiology) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYPv69FEK2M

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