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Aim: How did conflicts between the Stuart monarchy and Parliament lead to Civil War in England?

Aim: How did conflicts between the Stuart monarchy and Parliament lead to Civil War in England?. November 30, 2012. Constitutionalism. Theory of government evolving in England and the Netherlands during the 17 th century.

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Aim: How did conflicts between the Stuart monarchy and Parliament lead to Civil War in England?

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  1. Aim: How did conflicts between the Stuart monarchy and Parliament lead to Civil War in England? November 30, 2012

  2. Constitutionalism • Theory of government evolving in England and the Netherlands during the 17th century. • There are legal limits on the power of government, both written (Magna Carta) and unwritten (right to a fair trial). Does a constitutional government have to be a democracy? Can Constitutionalism and Absolutism co-exist?

  3. Stuart Monarchy • Elizabeth I dies in 1603 without an heir. Replaced by her cousin James Stuart (king of Scotland), who becomes James I. Tudor Line is over, beginning of theStuart Line. • James I (1603-1625) • Charles I (1625-1649) • Charles II (1660-1685) • James II (1685-1688)

  4. James I (1603-1625) • Why is he so unpopular? • Scottish • Lacked interpersonal skills • Claims to be an absolute ruler → Offends growing middle class that dominates the House of Commons (lower house of Parliament, controls the money). • Religious conflict (Anglican monarchy vs. Puritan middle class).

  5. Charles I (1625-1649) → Continues to antagonize Parliament • Disbands Parliament for eleven years (1629-1640), raises money through illegal taxes. • Appoints William Laud to be Archbishop of Canterbury. Hated by Puritans. Laud sparks an uprising in Scotland with his Book of Common Prayer. • Must call Parliament in 1640 to put down the Scottish revolt, and another in Ireland. Parliament refuses to grant him an army unless he passes: • Triennial Acts • Impeachment of Laud

  6. English Civil War (1642-1649) • Parliament still refuses to grant Charles an army, say they will raise it themselves. Charles feels undermined, raises an army to fight Parliament. Civil War beings! Royal Army (Cavaliers): Nobility, mercenaries. Vs. New Model Army (Roundheads): Rag-tag army of merchants with no training. Led by Oliver Cromwell (member of the Commons, devout Puritan).

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