THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

1. THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR • Lesson Aim: To discover how and why Parliament defeated the King.

2. The Civil War

3. The Civil War • On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his standard at Nottingham, signalling the start of the Civil War.

4. The Civil War • On 25 August 1642 Charles I raised his standard at Nottingham, signalling the start of the Civil War. • Ordinary people throughout the country now had to choose which side they were on: their King or their Parliament.

5. The Civil War • Often the choice divided families: two brothers could join different armies, or fathers might fight against their sons.

6. The Civil War • Often the choice divided families: two brothers could join different armies, or fathers might fight against their sons. • However, in many cases, people simply joined the army that reached their city or town first.

7. For the King! • The King had support from the nobles and gentry.

8. For the King! • The King had support from the nobles and gentry. • He also had support in Ireland, Wales, and in the North and West of England.

9. For Parliament! • The Puritans fought on Parliament’s side. • Parliament also had support from the richer areas of the country in South and Eastern England.

11. Why did Parliament win?

12. Why did Parliament win? • Although the whole country was at war, there were not very many important battles.

13. Why did Parliament win? • Although the whole country was at war, there were not very many important battles. • Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were either a draw or were won by the Royalists.

14. Why did Parliament win? • Although the whole country was at war, there were not very many important battles. • Most of the battles in 1642 and 1643 were either a draw or were won by the Royalists. • But in 1644 and 1645, most battles were won by the Parliamentarians.

15. Why did Parliament win? • Why did Parliament start doing so well?

16. Cromwell and the New Model Army

17. Cromwell and the New Model Army • After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliament’s Army.

18. Cromwell and the New Model Army • After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliament’s Army. • This new army was called the ‘New Model Army’.

19. Cromwell and the New Model Army • After the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, an MP called Oliver Cromwell reorganised Parliament’s Army. • This new army was called the ‘New Model Army’. • It was commanded by Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell.

20. Cromwell and the New Model Army • The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly paid, provided with a uniform, and properly trained to fight.

21. Cromwell and the New Model Army • The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly paid, provided with a uniform, and properly trained to fight. • This was a totally new idea at the time!

22. Cromwell and the New Model Army • The soldiers in the New Model Army were regularly paid, provided with a uniform, and properly trained to fight. • This was a totally new idea at the time! • The New Model Army with its well-trained soldiers finally defeated Charles at the Battle of Naseby in 1645.

23. BIG QUESTION FOR PARLIAMENT: • What should they do with the King?

28. Your Task • It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil War.

29. Your Task • It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil War. • You are a member of Cromwell’s New Model Army, and are feeling happy and victorious.

30. Your Task • It is 1645 and Parliament has just won the Civil War. • You are a member of Cromwell’s New Model Army, and are feeling happy and victorious. • Write a diary entry explaining the following:

31. Your Task • Who supported the King, • Who supported Parliament, • When the war began, • Cromwell and The New Model Army, • How Parliament won.