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L-23 Revolutionary Situation, 1895-1904

L-23 Revolutionary Situation, 1895-1904. Crisis at the Top Crisis from Without Crisis from Below. Main Themes. “Revolutionary Situation”: Multi-dimensional Crisis at the top: regime unable, unwilling to live with status quo Crisis from without: foreign policy and war

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L-23 Revolutionary Situation, 1895-1904

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  1. L-23 Revolutionary Situation, 1895-1904 Crisis at the Top Crisis from Without Crisis from Below

  2. Main Themes • “Revolutionary Situation”: Multi-dimensional • Crisis at the top: regime unable, unwilling to live with status quo • Crisis from without: foreign policy and war • Crisis from below: workers, peasants, minorities

  3. 1. Crisis at the Top Images

  4. 1894 Nicholas and Fiancee

  5. Nicholas II

  6. Empress Alexandra

  7. Imperial Family 1910

  8. Matilda Kshesinskaia

  9. The Imperial Hunter

  10. 1897 Nicholas at Hunting

  11. Alexander III after the Hunt

  12. Nicholas II Automobile

  13. 1912 Nicholas’s Mercedes

  14. A. Tsar and Court • Reassertion of Autocracy • Nicholas II: Miscast but imperious • Ominous Coronation • Rescralizing autocracy: Serafim of Sarov

  15. Ominous Coronation

  16. Coronation May 1896

  17. Hessian Duke at Coronation

  18. Chinese Delegation to Coronation

  19. Noble Representatives to Coronation 1896

  20. National Representatives to Coronation 1896

  21. Coronation in May 1896

  22. Canonization of Serafim (1903)

  23. Serafim of Sarov

  24. Serafim Sarovskii

  25. Nicholas and Alexander at Serafim’s Canonization (1903)

  26. Serafim, 1919-1991

  27. Icon of St. Nicholas

  28. B. Bureaucratic Politics • Autocracy vs. bureaucracy • Rise of “bureaucratic parties” Ministry of Interior Ministry of Finance • Crisis at the top

  29. Ministers of Interior D.S. Sipiagin 1899-1902 V.K. Plehve 1902-4 P.D. Sviatopolk- Mirskii 1904-5 I.V.Goremykin 1895-99

  30. C. Instruments of Rule and Repression • Police • Army

  31. 2. Crisis from Without: Diplomacy and War A. West: Realignment B. East: Compensatory colonialism C. Russo-Japanese War

  32. “Yellow Peril”: Russo-Japanese War

  33. Russo-Japanese War: Battlefield Surgery

  34. Naval Theater: Russo-Japanese War

  35. Russo-Japanese War: Russian Troops in Manchuria

  36. Russian POW’s at School

  37. Port Arthur

  38. Sinking of “Suvorov” in Battle of Tsujima Straits

  39. Japan: Beheading of Alleged Spy

  40. Russian Battleships in Port Arthur

  41. Port Arthur 1904

  42. 1905: Russian Army Retreats after Defeat at Mukden

  43. 3. Crisis from Below • Peasants • Workers • Minorities

  44. A. Peasants • Agrarian crisis • Peasant movement • State policy

  45. Harvest in Moscow Provincec. 1900

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