Goal Setting and Personal Achievement: The Power of Relaxation and Suggestion--Hypnosis

1. Goal Setting and Personal Achievement: The Power of Relaxation and Suggestion--Hypnosis Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D. Middle Tennessee State University Presented At Hong Kong Baptist University

2. Goal Setting and Personal Achievement: The Power of Relaxation and Suggestion Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D. Middle Tennessee State University Presented At The Webb School

3. Goal Setting and Personal Achievement: The Power of Relaxation and Suggestion Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D. Middle Tennessee State University Presented At University of Nantes, France

4. Goal Setting and Personal Achievement: The Power of Relaxation and Suggestion Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D. Middle Tennessee State University Presented At Psi Chi and Psychology Club MTSU

5. Outline • Have An Open Mind • Goal Setting • Principles of Hypnosis • Relaxation • Guided Imagery • Hypnosis

6. Have An Open Mind • You can only open your heart from inside. • Nobody can force you to change. • Your can change at any time. It is never too late to change.

7. Words Are Very Powerful • Positive Words: Birthday, Christmas, Happiness, Light • Negative Words: Disease, Illness, Death, Darkness • These words change your brain waves, emotions, and your reactions. • What do you say when you talk to yourself?

8. Positive vs. Negative Thinking • Dumbo has long and big ears: Liabilities vs. Special Talents • Drum with 1,000 cards • What is the Probability of Winning US$1,000,000? or • Getting Killed?

9. Frame of Reference • The right “frame of reference” The Chinese Farmer-- You can find something positive in every event. Job satisfaction--a frame of reference • Have you identified success, achievement, and happy events in your life lately?

10. Have a Clear Picture of Your Goal • Obstacles are what you see when you take your eyes off the goal. • Acres of Diamonds; Dirt vs. Diamond • Golf: Hole-In-One vs. Sand Traps and Water Hazards • Basketball: Goal vs. Background

11. Characteristics of Goals (1) Specific, (2) Quantifiable, (3) Difficult, (4) Feedback (KR), (5) Support

12. S.M.A.R.T. Goals: 1. Specific (to insure clarity) 2. Measurable (to be objective) 3. Ambitious (to provide stretch) 4. Realistic (to achieve commitment) 5. Time-bound (to attach urgency)

13. Example Yale Undergraduates in 1952 How many Yale graduates have written goals? Only 3% 20 years later, in 1972 These 3% of Yale graduates had assets/wealth more than the other 97% combined

14. Balancing Your Goals • Career Goals • Family Goals • Personal Improvement Goals • Long-Term Goals and Short-Term Goals

15. Goal Setting • The harder the (accepted) goal, the higher the performance. • Consultant offered one advice for improving one’s performance: • Write Down Your 5 Goals and Prioritize Your Goals • Reach Your Goals One by One • A $250,000 advice, Worth $20 million Today

16. Steps of Goal Setting • Identify Your Goal • Set a Deadline for Achieving Your Goal • List the Obstacles to Overcome • Identify People and Groups to Work With • Identify Skills/Knowledge Required • Develop Your Plan of Action • Identify Your Benefits and Rewards (Zig Ziglar)

17. Goal Setting Example • Visible Harvard • Difficult • Specific • Quantifiable • Time

18. Goal Setting Example • SAT • Quantitative Verbal • 99% 95% (Room For Improvement) • Goal/Big Picture vs. Steps Toward the Goal • 3,000 Words vs. 10 Words/Day • One Day: Study 10 Words • 30 Days: 300 Words • 10 Months: 3,000 Words

19. Goal Setting Example • Quantitative Verbal • 99% 95% • 91%99% • 98% 99% and-- • Pray and Get All the Help You Can Find

20. Power of Perseverance • Lee Iacocca (1984): I think that if I keep working at this and want it bad enough, I can have it. It’s call perseverance.

21. Power of Positive Suggestion • Thomas Edison failed 10,000 times. • Colonel Sanders failed 1,009 times. • Average Millionaires failed 17 times. • How many times have you tried to achieve your goals?

22. Power of Positive Suggestion • Super Bowl XXIV--Goals and Steps: • Winning the Super Bowl, • Touchdown, • First Down, • Complete the Pass, (long vs short), • Small Success Leads to Total Success. • MVP and Self-Esteem

23. This Is Your Super Bowl • Super Bowl XXIV • San Francisco 12 14 14 14------55 • Denver 3 0 7 0------10 • Montana had 13 Consecutive passes. • Montana completed 22 out of 29 passes. • Elway completed 10 out of 26 passes.

24. Hypnosis • Hypnosis is a systematic procedure for altering consciousness (Hilgard, 1975).

25. Hypnosis and Meditation • Hypnosis is different from Meditation. • Meditation involves radically changing the nature of outside stimulation by: • Blocking it out • Make it impossible to comprehend

26. Hypnosis and Meditation • Both Hypnosis and Meditation will: • Produce a state qualitatively different from normal waking consciousness. • Apply some manipulation of sensory input directly through suggestions • Have the capacity to leave people feeling better

27. Hypnosis and Sleep • EEG patterns in sleep and wakefulness: • Awake, Drowsy, Sleep 1, 2, 3, and REM • During Hypnosis (Trance), you are not sleeping. • Drowsy--Alpha waves, 7 - 12/sec. • Just about to fall sleep

28. 1600s, humans could be magnetized 1700s, Franz Mesmer studied animal magnetism (Mesmerized) 1842, painless amputated a leg 1880s, Freud learned hypnosis in France late 19th century, French, Charcot, study hypnosis to treat abnormal behavior 1920s & 1930s, Hull, attempted to study hypnosis with the first solidly scientific approach History

29. E.R. Hilgard, founder, director of 1st hypnosis research labs, Stanford Univ. 1978 1/3 American dental and medical schools offering courses in hypnosis -twice as many as 1974 Experts emphasize hypnosis is not for all persons or problems. It takes a well trained specialist to know when and how to use it properly. History

30. A System of Medical Hypnosis • A. Meares (1964). President International Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. • Braid, coined the word “hypnotism” from the Greek word hypnos (sleep) in 1841.

31. A System of Medical Hypnosis • The nature of suggestion: Logical, Uncritical • An easy suggestion does not conflict with a logical appraisement of the situation. • Suggestion vs. Command/Request • The response to a command or a request is Conscious, whereas the response to a suggestion is uncritical and is not consciously evaluated

32. A System of Medical Hypnosis • We hypnotize our patients by the process of suggestion. • Two major ingredients: • Relaxation/Concentration • Suggestion

33. Concentration • You hear nothing but my voice/words. • Speak: 200 words/min. • Think: 800 words/min. • Can you think of something else while listening to a lecture? • Is your mind wondering around afar?

34. Factors Influencing Suggestion • Affective Relationship • Prestige • Nonverbal Communication • Facilitation • The acceptance of one suggestion always aids to the acceptance of another suggestion.

35. Factors Influencing Suggestion • Grading • Suggestions are accepted more readily if they are graded as to difficulty of acceptance. • Expectancy • When the patient is in a state of expectancy he/she makes suggestions more easily. • Drugs

36. Suggestibility 1. Individual Differences 2. Tense, Anxious, Restless (Contact Lenses, Needs, Beliefs, Control) 3. Skill & Experience of the Therapist 4. Personality of the Therapist 5. Culture

37. Suggestibility 6. Education 7. Degree of Sophistication of the Patient 8. Unconscious Defense Mechanisms (well adjusted emotionally) 9. Fatigue 10. Drugs

38. Suggestibility 11. The Nature of the Suggestion 12. The State of Rapport 13. The Acceptance of Previous Suggestions 14. The Relative Difficulty of Acceptance of the Present Suggestion 15. Grading

39. The Phenomena of Hypnosis I. Increased Suggestibility As they became more deeply hypnotized, they are able to accept more difficult suggestions. e.g., move limbs, see things behave as if they were in imaginary situations

40. The Phenomena of Hypnosis II. Secondary Phenomena 1. Hypnotic Rapport He comes to a merge his identity with that of the hypnotist. Automatic Obedience

41. The Phenomena of Hypnosis 2. Hypnotic Sleep Induced by suggestions of relaxation and sleep Hypnotic Sleep vs. Normal Sleep(EEG) 3. Amnesia Spontaneous Amnesia vs. Suggested Amnesia

42. The Phenomena of Hypnosis 4. Regression a. He is there. He sees only as an onlooker. b. He relives it as an adult. c. He relives the childhood experience as a child

43. The Phenomena of Hypnosis 5. Failure of Repression Patchy & incomplete Failure of repression can also be aided by suggesting to the patient that he can now remember incidents in the past.

44. The Phenomena of Hypnosis 6. Hysteroid Behavior The patient may carry out suggestions in an extremely exaggerated fashion. (lacks naturalness)

45. The Phenomena of Hypnosis 7. Unconscious Limitation The hypnotized patient tends to behave in a way in which he believes a hypnotized person does behave. Patient’s sophistication and culture background Reincarnation

46. The Phenomena of Hypnosis 8. Hallucinatory Phenomena spontaneous vs. direct suggestion 9. Post-hypnotic Suggestion The hypnotized subject is given a suggestion to be carried out at some time after he has awakened from hypnosis.

47. The Phenomena of Hypnosis 10. Nonverbal Communication a. Communication of Attitude authoritative attitude vs. passive b. Primitive Communication hypnosis can be induced in most normal people, love & hate

48. The Phenomena of Hypnosis c. Gesture Arm Levitation d. Symbolic Behavior Eye Contact e. Communication by Behavior Physical Distance - Emotional Distance adjusting the blanket

49. The State of the Art of Clinical Hypnosis • It is a child of both the science and art of helping professions. • In The Past: the regressive, uncovering, and abrasive aspects of hypnosis. • “Doing something”to them • Archeology

50. Clinical Hypnosis • The contemporary practice: adaptation, problem solving, enhanced coping capacities, and mastery. • “Do something” for themselves • Architecture