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Advancing Smart Dust Technology: Autonomous Microsensor Networks Overview

Explore the journey of smart dust technology, from its inception at UC Berkeley in 1997 to its applications in various industries and the barriers to adoption. Learn about successful deployments worldwide and the key factors influencing its real-world performance. Discover the market requirements and current status of sensor networks, including optical communication links and innovative solutions. Get insights into funding, advisors, standards, and the landscape of sensor network startups.

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Advancing Smart Dust Technology: Autonomous Microsensor Networks Overview

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  1. Smart Dust Kris Pister Prof. EECS, UC Berkeley Co-Director, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center Founder & Chief Technologist, Dust Networks

  2. Outline • Background • Berkeley Research • Market Requirements • Current Status • Startup Related • People • Funding • Advisors • Standards

  3. Autonomous Microsensor Networks with Optical Communication Links UC Berkeley, 1997 • PI: Kris Pister • Source: Hughes (MICRO) • Funding: $25k, $10k matching, 0% ovhd, • Duration: 1 year • Comments: Collaboration w/ Prof. Joe Kahn under separate MICRO

  4. COTS Dust UC Berkeley, 2000 GOAL: • Get our feet wet RESULT: • Cheap, easy, off-the-shelf RF systems • Fantastic interest in cheap, easy, RF: • Industry • Berkeley Wireless Research Center • Center for the Built Environment (IUCRC) • PC Enabled Toys (Intel) • Fantastic RF problems • Optical proof of concept

  5. Berkeley Demos – 2001 Motes dropped from UAV, detect vehicles, log and report direction and velocity Intel Developers Forum, live demo 800 motes, 8 level dynamic network, 50 temperature sensors for HVAC deployed in 3 hours. $100 vs. $800 per node. Seismic testing demo: real-time data acquisition, $200 vs. $5,000 per node vs.

  6. Mote on a Chip? (circa 2001) antenna uP SRAM Temp inductor Amp Radio ADC ~2 mm^2 ASIC crystal battery • Goals: • Standard CMOS • Low power • Minmal external components

  7. UCB Hardware Results ~2003 • 2 chips fabbed in 0.25um CMOS • “Mote on a chip” worked, TX only • 900 MHz transceiver worked • Records set for low power CMOS • ADC, Mike Scott, M.S. • 8 bits, 100kS/s • 2uA@1V • Microprocessor, Brett Warneke, PhD. • 8 bits, 1MIP • 10uA@1V • 900 MHz radio – Al Molnar M.S. • 100kbps, “bits in, bits out” • 20 m indoors • 0.4mA @ 3V

  8. Sensor Networks Take Off! Industry Analysts Take Off! $8.1B market for Wireless Sensor Networks in 2007 Source: InStat/MDR 11/2003 (Wireless); Wireless Data Research Group 2003; InStat/MDR 7/2004 (Handsets)

  9. Low Data Rate WPAN Applications PERSONAL HEALTH CARE Zigbee 2004 Zigbee 2006 Zigbee Pro BUILDING AUTOMATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS security HVAC AMR lighting control accesscontrol TV VCR DVD/CD remote PC & PERIPHERALS INDUSTRIAL CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt mouse keyboard joystick RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL patient monitoring fitness monitoring security HVAC lighting control access control lawn & garden irrigation

  10. Barriers to Adoption OnWorld, 2005

  11. Dust Networks • Founded July 2002 • Focused on reliability, power consumption • Developed TSMP • Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol • >99.9% reliability • Lowest power per delivered packet

  12. Dust sells reliable low-power network solutions to OEMs 2006 HART demo participants • ABB • Elpro • Emerson • Endress & Hauser • Honeywell • MACTek • Pepperl & Fuchs • Phoenix Contact • Siemens • Smar • Yokogawa Wireless HART, ISA Expo, Oct. 2006

  13. Dave Farr, CEO, Emerson, Investor Conference Feb. 2008

  14. Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring - GE

  15. Parking Monitoring – Streetline Networks Wireless sensor node • Real-time monitoring of parking for: • Increased enforcement • Dynamic pricing • Real-time vacancy location services

  16. Reliable Performance in Harsh Environments • Steel mills • Breweries! • Chemical processing • Food production • Urban Pavement • Rail cars • Power plants • Pharmaceutical manufacturing • Desert fences • Northern coal facilities • Oil and gas production & refining • … These and other factors conspire to define the difference between what works in the lab and what works in the real world! Successful deployments in over 30 countries on 6 continents.

  17. People • People:Funding  Chicken:Egg • It’s hard to get good people until you have funding. • It’s hard to get funding until you have good people. • Expect turmoil • Founding Team • “Now if your VP gets divorced, you’ll be right on track” • Houses, spouses, offspring

  18. Funding • Angels • Government • Venture Capital • Valuation and equity

  19. Advisors • If you listen hard enough, the wind sings every song • You must do X  you must not do X X = { • Go vertical, go horizontal • Bring IP out of university • Create a standard • Take funding from Y={angels, VC, government, companies} • Write a business plan • …} • Best advice • You will run into these people again. Act accordingly.

  20. Standards • Markets create standards • Standards don’t create markets • Standards can accelerate (or retard) markets • Good and bad standards • “Coming soon” can be fatal to a startup • Dust experience • HART Communication Foundation • ISA100 • IEEE • IETF

  21. Berkeley “smart dust” Startups • Adura • Arch Rock • Crossbow • Dust Networks • Federspiel Controls • Fruition Sciences • Sensys Networks • Sentilla • Streetline Networks • Wireless Industrial Technologies • …

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