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Origins of the industrial revolution Pre-Industry Middle Ages- Traditional Farming

Origins of the industrial revolution Pre-Industry Middle Ages- Traditional Farming Families owned strips of land for farming; there were no Fences to divide. Disadvantages : Strips of land were separated, so the land between the strips was wasted.

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Origins of the industrial revolution Pre-Industry Middle Ages- Traditional Farming

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  1. Origins of the industrial revolution Pre-Industry Middle Ages-Traditional Farming Families owned strips of land for farming; there were no Fences to divide. Disadvantages: Strips of land were separated, so the land between the strips was wasted. No fences allowed cattle to wander into farmland. Peasants lives were at the subsistence level; very few possessions. Forces for change: Population was skyrocketing ( especially in England, 5 ½ million) Napoleon put a blockade on England. With more people, and less imported corn, England needed to produce more food at Home.

  2. Agricultural Revolution Middle Ages: (fill in the rectangles) • Middle Age Farmers specialized in one crop, but found that after several years, crops began to die • To solve this problem, 2 of 4 fields were left fallow (empty) to regain nutrients • This is a very inefficient use of land.

  3. Agricultural Revolution Wheat Corn Turnips Clover

  4. Crop rotation • Each field is planted with a different crop, and crops rotate through each field once every 4 years • Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop are replenished by planting different crops. • Fields not left inefficiently fallow. Enclosure movement- • Wealthy landlords fenced in 4 pastures and experimented with new technology. • Villages lost common lands and political power as landlords became more powerful. Other Discoveries in Agricultural Revolution • JethroTull invented a seed drill that planted seeds efficiently. • New crops: corn and potato

  5. Results • More food available • Population increased Merchants’ roles in cottage industry • Supplied materials - wool and cotton to cottages to be prepared and spun. • Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage. (finished Cloth) • Merchants sell product for more than the material and labor costs

  6. Steps in the cottage industry Supplies Spin weave dye Merchants pick up and sell

  7. Capitalism • An economic system based on Private ownership, free competition, and profit. • Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism Effects of the Cottage Industry • Big profits for new class of merchants • Alternative source of income for some peasants Textiles and Factory System ( 1st Industry in Industrial Revolution!!!)

  8. The Agricultural Revolution led to the Industrial Revolution • The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because of a favorable combination • This combination of Land, Labor, and Capital are The Factors of Production

  9. Simple Machines Helping the Textile Industry • Hargreaves- invented Spinning Jenny. Machine that spun 8 times faster than a single wheel. • Arkwright- invented water powered machines • Cartwright- invented a water powered loom. One person could do the work of 800. • Eli Whitney- invented the Cotton Gin. This separated seed from cotton.

  10. Spinning Jenny

  11. Water Powered Loom

  12. Cotton Gin

  13. Rise of the Factory • New machines, often too large for homes, were put into factories • Factories located near power source: coal, iron, and water  Effects of Textile Factories in Britain • Prices of mass produced textiles were much Lower than hand produced products. • Britain’s textile industry increased • The majority of villagers were forced to leave to find work in urban factories.

  14. Steam Engine: The Need for Energy • Early factories relied on horses, oxen and water mills • Steam power evolved in response to the increasing need for power.  How the Steam Engine Works • Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power. • James Watt patented the modern steam engine.

  15. Effect of Steam Engine • Steam power, used wherever coal existed, increased textile production • Improved mining which in turn fueled other industries Iron: The need for Iron • Farming tools, new factory machines, railways • Smelting makes iron ore more pure, but requires large amounts of carbon and heat

  16. The Need for Coal • coal is necessary for smelting iron • Steam engines powered by coal. Effects of iron and coal • Britain produced more iron than all other countries in the world combined Transportation and Communication • Increased production leads to a need for better transportation

  17. Inventions • Stone and eventually asphalt roads, canals, and railroads • Railways fueled other industries: • Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat • Samuel Morse invented a way to communicate in clicks with electricity through wires

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