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Astronomy Review

Astronomy Review. SNC1D. Star. A massive, luminous ball of gas held together by gravity (e.g., the Sun). Planet. A object (that is not another star) orbiting a star that is massive enough to have been pulled into the shape of a sphere and to have cleared its neighbouring region of debris.

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Astronomy Review

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  1. Astronomy Review SNC1D

  2. Star • A massive, luminous ball of gas held together by gravity (e.g., the Sun)

  3. Planet • A object (that is not another star) orbiting a star that is massive enough to have been pulled into the shape of a sphere and to have cleared its neighbouring region of debris

  4. Satellites • Artificial: objects that have been placed into orbits (around Earth or other planets) by humans

  5. Moon: a natural satellite

  6. Asteroid • A small, rocky object orbiting the Sun

  7. Astronomical Unit • The distance between the Earth and the Sun

  8. Light Year • The distance light travels in one year

  9. Solar Mass • The mass of the Sun

  10. Our Solar System (not to scale)

  11. Terrestrial Planets • Small rocky planets (Pluto and other dwarf planets are similar)

  12. Gas/Ice Giants • Large, non-rocky planets

  13. Mars • A rocky planet (its red colour is due to iron oxide) that is about ½ the diameter of Earth; it has been visited by unmanned rovers

  14. Jupiter • The largest planet in the solar system, made of mostly hydrogen; known for its atmospheric bands and many moons (at least 67)

  15. Saturn • A gas giant known for its spectacular ring system (made of rocky debris)

  16. Mercury • The small, rocky planet closest to the Sun, similar in appearance to Earth’s Moon with its many craters

  17. Venus • The planet in our Solar System that is most like Earth in size and composition; however, its atmosphere is extremely dense and hot

  18. Mean Temperature • Venus, with a surface temperature of 462oC, is the hottest planet in our solar system since the atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, which has created a runaway greenhouse effect

  19. Polar Ice Caps and River Beds • Liquid water cannot exist on Mars because of its low atmospheric pressure. However, it does have polar ice caps, and ancient river beds provide evidence that there was once water flow on the surface.

  20. Planetary Rotation • an object turning on its axis

  21. Planetary Revolution • an object’s orbit

  22. The Seasons • The Earth has seasons because its axis is at an angle with its orbit.

  23. Incandescent • For an object to emit visible light, it needs to be approximately 1000 degrees.

  24. Nuclear Fusion • the formation of heavier elements from the collision of lighter elements; some of the excess mass is released as energy

  25. The Core • Fusion only occurs at the very high pressures and temperatures in the core of the Sun.

  26. Stellar Temperature • Astronomers can determine the temperature of a star from its colour.

  27. Oh, Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me • The hottest stars are blue O stars ; the coolest are red M stars.

  28. Galaxy • A gravitationally bound system of stars, gas, and dust The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds

  29. Types of Galaxies Galaxies are classified by shape: • Ellipticals are spheroids. • Spirals are disks.

  30. The Milky Way The Milky Way is a spiral.

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