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Astronomy Review

Astronomy Review. What is this phase of the moon?. a. Third or Last Quarter Moon b. Waxing crescent Moon c. First Quarter Moon d. Full Moon e. New Moon. The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes . . . a. the Sun to appear to rise, travel through the sky, and then set.

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Astronomy Review

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  1. Astronomy Review

  2. What is this phase of the moon? • a. Third or Last Quarter Moon • b. Waxing crescent Moon • c. First Quarter Moon • d. Full Moon • e. New Moon

  3. The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes . . . • a. the Sun to appear to rise, travel through the sky, and then set. • b. the Moon to appear to rise, travel through the sky, and then set. • c. the stars to appear to rise, travel through the sky, and then set. • d. (a) and (b) • e. all of the above

  4. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun in a year causes . . . • a. stars to appear to change locations in the sky. • b. constellations to appear to distort or change their shapes. • c. the Sun to appear to rise, travel through the sky, and set. • d.(a) and (b) • e. all of the above

  5. What day is the longest (greatest time of daylight) in the northern hemisphere? • a. December 21st • b. March 21st • c. September 21st • d. June 21st

  6. What is this phase of the Moon? • a.1st quarter Moon • b. last or 3rd quarter Moon • c. waning crescent • d. waxing gibbous • e. waxing crescent

  7. The main contribution of Isaac Newton to astronomy was     . . . • a. the heliocentric idea, that the Earth and planets orbit the Sun.      • b. evidence, such as phases of Venus and moons around Jupiter, that support the heliocentric theory. • c. the laws of planetary motion.      • d. the idea that the laws of physics apply on Earth and to the universe. • e. collecting the most accurate data of the positions of stars and planets.

  8. Planetary orbits being elliptical rather than circular is accounted for by • a. Kepler’s first law. • b. Kepler’s second law. • c. Kepler’s third law. • d. Newton’s theory of light.

  9. Determining the relative distances of each planet from the Sun or the relative size of the solar system requires knowing . . . • a. Kepler’s first law.      • b. Kepler’s second law.      • c. Kepler’s third law. • d. Newton’s theory of gravity. • e. Galileo’s description of the heliocentric theory.

  10. What is the type of eclipse shown above called? • a. partial solar eclipse • b. total solar eclipse • c. partial lunar eclipse • d. total lunar eclipse

  11. A boat captain needs to launch at high tide.  He just missed having his ship ready to launch when a high tide peaked at 9:00 a.m.  At about what time will the next high tide come? • a. about 8:30 a.m. the next day • b. about 9:30 p.m. • c. tides are unpredictable. • d. about 9:00 p.m.

  12. The nearest star beyond the Sun is about how far away? • a. 1/2 light year • b. 4 light years • c. 8 light years • d. 300 light years

  13. What phase must the Moon be in for a solar eclipse to occur? • a. full • b. last quarter • c. first quarter • d. new • e. crescent

  14. What conditions cause a person to observe this type of eclipse? • a. The Moon is nearer to Earth than during a total solar eclipse. • b. The Sun is nearer to Earth than during a total solar eclipse. • c. The Moon is farther from Earth than during a total solar eclipse. • d. The Sun is farther from Earth than during a total solar eclipse. • e. The Moon is farther from Earth than during a total lunar eclipse.

  15. What positions of the Sun, Earth and Moon cause this type of solar eclipse? • a. Moon farther from Earth than the Sun • b. Full Moon between Earth and Sun • c. Moon between Earth and Sun • d. Earth between Sun and Moon 

  16. Why do lunar eclipses occur more often than solar eclipses? • a. The Earth’s rotation is faster than the Moon’s orbital speed around the Earth. • b. The Moon’s orbital plane is more tilted than the Earth’s axial tilt. • c. The Moon orbits the Earth faster than Earth orbits the Sun. • d. The Earth’s shadow is larger than the Moon’s shadow.

  17. What causes the seasons? • a. The tilt of the Earth’s axis is toward the Sun during the summer allowing the Sun’s rays to more directly hit the Earth. • b. The rotation of the Earth slows during the summer allowing days to be longer than nights. • c. The Sun releases more energy during summer than in winter. • d. The Earth is closer to the Sun in summer than in winter because of the Earth’s elliptical  orbit.

  18. When will the highest tides be experienced? • a. when the Earth and Moon are in a line • b. when the Earth, Moon and Sun are all in a line • c. when the Earth and Moon are in a line and the Sun is perpendicular to them • d. when the Moon and Sun are in a line and the Earth is perpendicular to them

  19. What is parallax? • a. The distance to an object. • b. The angle taken up by the size of an object, as seen by an observer. • c. The shift in angular position of an object as it moves in space. • d. The apparent shift in position of an object as the observer moves.

  20. Apparent magnitude is a measure of • a. the intrinsic brightness (actual light output) of a star. • b. the size (diameter) of a star. • c. the surface temperature of a star. • d. the brightness of a star, as seen from the Earth.

  21. The spectral type of a star (e.g., O, B, A, F, G, K, and M) is determined by its • a. size • b. luminosity • c. absolute magnitude • d. surface temperature

  22. New stars are formed from • a. hot supernova remnants. • b. activity around black holes in the centers of galaxies. • c. huge, cool dust and gas nebulae. • d. pure energy in free space.

  23. When a star leaves the main sequence and expands toward the red giant region, what is happening inside the star? • a. Helium burning is taking place; the core itself is almost pure carbon and oxygen. • b. Hydrogen burning is taking place; the core itself is almost pure helium and stops fusion. • c. Hydrogen burning is taking place; the core has not yet started thermonuclear reactions, and is still mostly hydrogen. • d. Helium is being converted into carbon and oxygen in the core.

  24. Stars that have ejected a planetary nebula go on to become • a. red giants. • b. protostars. • c. supernovae. • d. white dwarfs.

  25. What type of objects are found along the blue line labeled A? • a. nebulae and protostars • b. main sequence stars • c. red giant stars • d. white dwarf stars • e. supergiant stars

  26. What type of objects are found in the area labeled B? • a. nebulae and protostars • b. main sequence stars • c. red giant stars • d. white dwarf stars • e. supergiant stars

  27. What type of objects are found in the area labeled C?      • a. nebulae and protostars • b. main sequence stars • c. red giant stars • d. white dwarf stars • e. supergiant stars     

  28. What type of objects are found in the area labeled D? • a. nebulae and protostars • b. main sequence stars • c. red giant stars • d. white dwarf stars • e. supergiant stars

  29. What is the bright band of stars running diagonally from the upper left to lower right corner in this picture? • a. the aurora borealis • b. a cosmic ray shower • c. a meteor trail • d. the Milky Way

  30. What type of galaxy is shown in this picture? • a. irregular • b. spiral • c. elliptical

  31. What type of object is believed to be at the centers of most galaxies? • a.quasar • b. supermassive black hole • c. dark matter • d. pulsar

  32. The part of a shadow that is only partly illuminated; partial shadow. A. Umbra B. Penumbra

  33. What are comets mostly made of? • ice and dust • rock • hydrogen • metal

  34. What happens when a comet goes toward the sun? • Moves so that the tail is towards the sun. • Adds a layer. • Moves so that the tail is away from the sun.

  35. When we observe distant galaxies we are observing • a. very young objects • b. very old objects • c. objects having the approximate age of the milky way • d. distant galaxies; no statement may be made about age

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