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Managing Reproduction in a Modern Dairy Herd

Managing Reproduction in a Modern Dairy Herd. Gregory M. Goodell, DVM The Dairy Authority, LLC. Transitioning a cow properly through the post partum period Heat Detection/Timed AI Pregnancy Diagnosis Monitoring the reproductive process. Components of Establishing Pregnancy.

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Managing Reproduction in a Modern Dairy Herd

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  1. Managing Reproduction in a Modern Dairy Herd Gregory M. Goodell, DVM The Dairy Authority, LLC

  2. Transitioning a cow properly through the post partum period • Heat Detection/Timed AI • Pregnancy Diagnosis • Monitoring the reproductive process Components of Establishing Pregnancy

  3. Extremely important • Large impact • Multifactorial Transition through post partum period

  4. Michael W. Overton, DVM, MPVM University of Georgia-College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA

  5. Heat Detection • Observe for signs of estrous • Advantages: • Less expensive and easier to implement • Disadvantages • Time consuming, more skill required Heat Detection: How do I find cows that are ready to breed?

  6. Marking Crayons/Chalk • Pressure-sensitive pads • Pedometers • Rumen boluses Heat Detection Aides

  7. Pressure Sensitive Pads

  8. HeatWatch Pressure Pad

  9. Pedometers

  10. Train personnel on signs of estrous • Cannot cut corners here! • Excellent tools for vets from stud services and breeding companies • Review numbers often as a program starts to evaluate heat detection numbers. Implementing Heat Detection on a Dairy

  11. Many different programs • Success depends on management/style of the dairy • Labor intensive • Compliance a must Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI)

  12. TAI Programs

  13. CIDRSync Programs with CIDRs

  14. Veterinarian should couple the management ability of the dairy with the TAI program • A producer will almost always go for the program with the best published rates but demand the most convenient program • In general the more intense the program the better the rates Which TAI Program is Best?

  15. Same time every day of week and time (including Christmas day and July 4th!) • All cows MUST be found. • Missed injections primary cause of compliance failure. Compliance to TAI Programs

  16. Preg rate = Heat detection X Conception rate • TAI programs force 100% heat detection • If a TAI program requires 6 visits to the cow and we miss 5% of the cows at all visits then we’ve reduced effective heat detection rate from 100 to 70%. If conception rate is 40% then we’ve reduce preg rate by 12% Example of Compliance

  17. Preg Rates and Costs

  18. * If CIDR used add another $9.00 Preg Rates and Costs

  19. Rectal Palpation • Ultrasound • Blood Test • Milk Test Pregnancy Diagnosis

  20. Most common form of pregnancy diagnosis for cattle • Conducted between 30-50 days after breeding • Sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 96% when conducted between 35 and 45 d post AI • Chronic Trauma to shoulder Rectal Palpation

  21. Usually performed between 28-35 days • Sensitivity of 97.7% and specificity of 87.7% when conducted between 26 and 33 d post AI (Pieterse et al., 1990) • Skills vary among ultrasonographers • Rechecks still must be done • Reduced shoulder trauma if extension arm used. Ultrasonography

  22. Current controversy regarding stage to preg check • Research shows no difference in economics when preg check between 32 and 39 days (Silva, et al 2009 ) • At 39 days U/S not required and neither is early P2 Ultrasonography

  23. Detection of early pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) • Pregnancy-Specific Protein B (PSPB) • Proteins only produced by the placenta of the growing fetus Blood Tests for Pregnancy

  24. Sensitivity reported to be between 96-99% • Specificity reported to be between 97-99% • Lay personnel can pull the sample • Often combined with other modalities of pregnancy diagnosis allowing for coverage of more animals or larger herds • Decrease physical wear and tear of shoulder Advantages of Blood Testing

  25. Requires minimum of 24 hours to achieve result • Does not provide any fetal staging • Half life of some PAGs may be as long as 90 day postpartum Disadvantages of Blood Testing

  26. bioTracking • Idexx • Conception Commercially Available Tests

  27. Test name is BioPryn • Located in Moscow, Idaho • Characteristics • Se/Sp is 100/87.8 at 30-36 days post breeding • Used as early as 28 days post breeding • Must wait until 90 days postpartum • Cost is $2.50-$3.50 per sample bioTracking

  28. Idexx Bovine Pregnancy Test • Serum or milk • Located in Westbrook, Maine • Characteristics • Se/Sp is 99.3%/95.1% at 30 days post breeding • Used as early as 28 days post breeding • Must wait 60 days post partum before using • Cost between $2.50 and $3.00 per sample Idexx

  29. Test name is DG29 • Located in Québec, Canada • Characteristics • Se/Sp is 99.4/100 at 29days post breeding • Used as early as 29 days post breeding • Must wait 90 days post partum before using • Cost between $3.20 and $4.00 per sample Conception

  30. Reproduction Analysis

  31. Case Definitions!! • Pregnant Cows/Exposed Cows • Pregnancy Rate, DIM, DOPN, etc. • Include cows in EWP? • Include Dead/Sold Cows? • Include Dry Cows? • Frequency of preg checks Basic Concepts

  32. 40-45% of milking herd pregnant • 180-200 Average DIM • Cull rate less than 35% (???) High Production Herd Characteristics

  33. # milking cows pregnant/total # of cows milking. • 30-50% is the goal (moves with DIM) • Dry cows not included • In DC305… • Sum by rc for rc=1-5 Lact>0\B % of the Milking Herd Pregnant

  34. Days in milk at first breeding (DIMFB) • Days Open (DOPN) • Days in milk (DIM) Herd Averages

  35. Days in milk at first breeding (DIMFB) • Days Open (DOPN) • Days in milk (DIM) Count AvDIMFB Av DOPN Av DIM ------ ------- ------- ------- 2851 62 119 180 Herd Averages

  36. Days in milk at first breeding (DIMFB) • Days Open (DOPN) • Days in milk (DIM) Count AvDIMFB Av DOPN Av DIM ------ ------- ------- ------- 2851 62 119 180 4412 63 146 200 Herd Averages

  37. Need to be certain of where CLEANUP parameters are set • Commands like COUNT, SUM and PCT do NOT look at sold/died cows unless told to • Switches in DC305 • \B, \D, \L Using DC305 for Repro Analysis

  38. # milking cows preg and >150 DIM / #cows milking and greater than 150 DIM • In DC305… • Sum by RC for DIM>150 RC=1-5 Lact>0 • Goal 50-70% (moves with DIM) • Dry cows not included % Milking Herd Preg and >150 DIM

  39. Calendar Month • Times Bred • Tech • Breeding Code • Interval Analysis • Day of the Week Specific Areas of Monitoring

  40. By Calendar Month for past 12 months Month 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC ==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ==== 2012 January 35-45 40 142 214 72 41 428 4 2.5 2012 February 35-44 40 179 271 79 46 529 5 2.5 2012 March 35-43 39 204 319 108 47 631 6 2.6 2012 April 37-45 41 251 358 134 62 743 8 2.4 2012 May 36-44 40 220 336 110 47 666 7 2.5 2012 June 28-35 31 178 392 74 46 644 7 3.2 2012 July 13-19 16 100 531 117 20 748 8 6.3 2012 August 8-12 10 83 742 134 8 959 10 9.9 2012 September 14-18 16 158 837 203 11 1198 12 6.3 2012 October 27-32 29 314 754 310 19 1378 14 3.4 2012 November 37-44 41 333 487 166 6 986 10 2.5 2012 December 30-38 34 192 373 * 144 2 709 7 2.9 2013 January - 0 0 93 * 141 0 234 2 TOTALS 28-30 29 2354 5707 1792 355 9853 100 3.4 1002 non-AI breedings were omitted

  41. By Times Bred Bred Number 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC ==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ==== 1 27-40 33 62 124 4 0 190 32 3.0 2 30-46 37 51 86 0 1 137 23 2.7 3 22-42 31 25 55 4 1 84 14 3.2 4 18-40 27 17 45 2 1 64 11 3.6 5 18-47 31 11 25 1 0 37 6 3.3 6 22-56 37 10 17 1 0 28 5 2.7 7 12-55 29 4 10 2 0 16 3 3.5 8 15-58 33 5 10 1 0 16 3 3.0 OTHERS 6-38 16 3 16 3 0 22 4 6.3 TOTALS 29-37 33 188 388 18 3 594 100 3.1 35 non-AI breedings were omitted

  42. By Technician Technician 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC ==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ==== Efrain 19-31 25 50 153 5 1 208 35 4.1 Luis 17-35 25 21 64 4 0 89 15 4.0 Alfonso 35-46 41 117 171 11 2 299 50 2.5 TOTALS 29-37 33 188 388 20 3 596 100 3.1 35 non-AI breedings were omitted

  43. By Breeding Code Breeding Code 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC ==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ==== CIDR 12-49 26 5 14 0 1 19 3 3.8 Thur PM 40-63 52 33 31 3 1 67 11 1.9 Normal 31-44 37 85 142 8 1 235 39 2.7 TAI 20-30 25 65 199 9 0 273 46 4.1 OTHERS 0-66 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 TOTALS 29-37 33 188 388 20 3 596 100 3.1 35 non-AI breedings were omitted

  44. By Day of the Week Week Day 95% CI %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort Total %Tot SPC ==================== ====== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== ==== Monday 24-55 38 13 21 0 0 34 6 2.6 Tuesday 36-70 54 15 13 0 1 28 5 1.9 Wednesday 25-51 37 17 29 5 0 51 9 2.7 Thursday 33-52 42 45 62 3 1 110 18 2.4 Friday 22-32 26 81 225 11 1 317 53 3.8 Saturday 14-44 27 8 22 0 0 30 5 3.8 Sunday 20-55 36 9 16 1 0 26 4 2.8 TOTALS 29-37 33 188 388 20 3 596 100 3.1 35 non-AI breedings were omitted

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