P13026: Portable Ventilator

1. P13026: Portable Ventilator Team Leader: Daniel Fenton Kennedy Kong Marie Revekant David Engell Eric Welch Derek Zielinski Chris Freeman Melissa Harrison Ryan Muckel Roberto Castillo Zavala

2. Engineering Specifications

3. Parker T1-1HD-12-1NEA • Peak Flow = 32.5* LPM • 12 VDC • Weight = 1.5 kg • Pump Life = 3500 hours • 16.5 x 7 x 9.9 cm (6.5 x 2.75 x 3.91 in)

4. Pneumatic Schematic

5. Tubing Head Loss Analysis(Between Pump outlet and Ventilator outlet) Bernouli’s Equation Assumptions • Constant velocity, height and air density Major Head Loss: • Dependent on length of tube between ventilator and pump exit Minor Head Loss • Dependent on the expansion and contraction for two T-joints

6. Mass flow sensor analysis Cross Sectional View of Mass Flow Junction Color Code • Blue = Tubing • Black = T-Joint • Red = Mass Flow Sensor • Orange = Control Volume for Mass Flow Route • Green = Control Volume for Main Route

7. Mass flow sensor analysis Circuit Analogy Color Code • Orange = Control Volume for Mass Flow Route • Green = Control Volume for Main Route Analogy Explanation • Current ≈ Flow Rate • Resistance ≈ Head Loss • Voltage Drop ≈ Pressure Drop → Constant through each path!

8. Mass flow sensor analysis Head Loss Through Main Tubing Path (Green) • Minor • Expansion from first T-Joint to Tubing • Contraction from Tubing to second T-Joint • Major • Frictional loss along length of tubing Head Loss Through Mass Flow Path (Orange) • Minor • Contraction from Original flow to first T-Joint • Expansion from first T-Joint to Tubing • Two curves (approximated as 90 degree angles) • Contraction from Tubing to second T-Joint • Expansion from second T-joint to original flow • No Major Losses (length of tubing is negligible) • Mass Flow Sensor Pressure Drop

9. Mass flow sensor analysis Pressure Drop • Assuming constant height, density and velocity Total Head Loss Major Head Loss = Minor Head Losses • Contraction and Expansion • Curves =

10. Mass flow sensor analysis Mass Flow Sensor Pressure Drop • Calculated by interpolating from provided table • Assumed flow would be between 200 and 400 sccm (based on educated guess) Final Calculations • Only unknown is Q2 • Plugged all equations into an excel sheet and changed value of Q2 until the difference between the pressure drops in each path was negligible (8.49e-8)

11. HONEYWELL AWM2300V FEATURES • Bidirectional sensing capability • Actual mass air flow sensing •Low differential pressure sensing The AWM2000 Series microbridge mass airflow sensor is a passive device comprised of two Wheatstone bridges. Data is transmitted via analog. A typical application is in medical respirators and ventilators.

12. Honeywell AWM2300v cont. Performance Characteristics @ 10.01 +/- 0.01 VDC, 25°C

13. NPC-1210 Low Pressure Sensor • Applications: • Medical Equipment • Ventilation • Respirator monitoring • Features: • High Sensitivity • High accuracy • CB mountable package • DIP package • Solid-state reliability • Individual device traceability

14. NPC-1210 Low Pressure Sensor

15. Control system • K70 MCU Tower kit • NEC 5.7” FutureTechnologyTouchStone • Low-Voltage, 3-Phase Motor Control • Medial Development Module • Pulse Oximeter • Bluetooth Module

16. K70 Tower System • TWR-K70F120M-KIT • 32-bit ARM® Cortex™-M4 • All the ARMv7E-M architecture instructions • Maximum core operating frequency of 120MHz • Onboard LCD graphics control module • TouchStone • Larger screens • Tamper detection Security • Freescale supplies code for majority of our functionality • Reduces learning curve.

17. 5.7” TouchStone • Future Technology • LCD: NL6448BC18-01 • TWR-PIM-41WVGA Display Kit • TouchStone interface allows K70 to drive bigger screens

18. Low-Voltage3-Phase Motor Control • TWR-MC-LV3PH • Three-phase Brushless DC (BLDC) • Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) • Power supply voltage input 12-24VDC, extended up to 50VDC • Output current up to 8 amps

19. Medial Development Module • TWR-MCF51MM • Can operate as a stand alone debugging tool • Required for the MED-SPO2

20. Bluetooth Connectivity • TWRPI-BLE-DEMO • Connects onto the K70 Board • Discovery • Potential connectivity to mobile device • Potential Bluetooth pulse oximeter

21. pulse Oximeter This external device will allow for an EMT to monitor a patient’s Blood Oxygen level as well as their pulse. The Pulse Oximeter chosen for this prototype will be the Nellcor DS-100A Reusable Finger Clip. This device will interface with the Freescale MED-SPO2 development board via a DB9 connection. The MED-SPO2 is a MOD that can be attached to the K-70 tower to allow the data being created by the Pulse Oximeter to be displayed on the screen of the K-70. This particular Pulse Oximeter has been chosen because there is clear documentation on how to interface it with the Freescale hardware we will be using for the control system.

22. pulse Oximeter (cont.)

23. pulse Oximeter (cont.)

24. Other ComponentsElapsed time meter

25. Other ComponentsTubing Material

26. Power System

27. Power Flow

28. Tekkeon MP3450i 12V, 5V Li-Ion 60 Wh < 1 lb. 3.3" x 6.8" x 0.9" (20.2 in3) Built in charging port, prevents overcharging Comes with 90-240VAC charger, can also be charged with 9-24VDC Low battery audible alert Price: $200, inc. tax & shipping Operating temps: -10°C to 60°C Charging temps: 0°C to 45°C Capacity reduces to 70% after 300 charge/discharge cycles

29. Feasibility - Power Analysis *Assumes pump is running at 50% duty cycle

30. Feasibility - Battery Lifetime *Estimated number of uses per week

31. Thermal Analysis • Goal: Ensure styrene shell won’t melt during operation • Primary Thermal Loads • Pump Motor (20 W) • Battery (5 W) • MCU (5 W) • Total with FOS = 2 (60 W) • Assumptions • Natural Convection (5 W/m2) • Neglect Radiation • Uniform Distribution of Heat Generation • Simplified Geometry and Removal of Accessories • 300 K Bulk Temperature

32. Results

33. Test plans for mcu and module Phase 1: Model View Control architecture

34. MCU • The K70 will be the Model and View. The modules are controls. • Create “test” inputs. • If a new mode is selected, it would poll the selected settings. • Passes instructions to the other modules, like the Motor controller to change the motor signal. • Model: • Model should be quick to process all the information • Test Inputs should be responsible and almost instantaneous due to high risk. • View: • Create display for how all the information pass through the switches and knobs. • Change in Setting during operation: • If change in setting, the display will reflect this action. • Change in mode: • If different mode was selected, it would display a set of settings specifically for the setting.

35. Screen test plan • Majority of the View portion of the MVC architecture. • Follow MCU tutorials to obtain basic communication with the LCD. • Create Simple GUI • Create Buttons • Create animation. • Responsive stress test: • Send numerous redraw instructions to force screen to refresh as quickly as possible. If user were to spam inputs. • Calculate the average response rate.

36. 3 Phase motor control test plan • Majority of the Control portion of the MVC architecture • Test constant Voltage output. • Send constant voltage • Measure the voltage across the motor control pins over time • Test rising voltage out • Send raising voltage command • Measure the voltage across the motor control pins over time • Test pulse voltage out • Send pulse voltage command • Measure the voltage across the motor control over time • Test Sine voltage out • Send a wave of voltage command • Measure the voltage across the motor control over time • Stress test • Send series of various output patters, then quickly cut power to zero, simulating emergency cut off • Measure the voltage across the motor control over time.

37. Specifications Tested Tests to be run Battery life - Determine how long the battery can operate the pump for before the battery shuts down at room temperature. Repeat test with temperatures of -20° C. Input voltages - Ensure the battery can be charged with both 120V AC and with a range of DC voltages. Output voltages - Ensure the battery can provide both 5V to the MCU and 12V to the pump for the duration of it’s life. Power System Testing

38. User interface

39. 13 Principles of Display Design • Make displays legible (or audible) • Avoid absolute judgment limits • Top-down processing • Redundancy gain • Discriminability • Pictorial Realism • Moving Part (compatibility) • Information access cost • Proximity Compatibility • Multiple resources • Predictive aiding • Knowledge in the world • Consistency Perceptual Principles Mental Model Principles Principles based on Attention Memory Principles

40. problems • Make legible displays • -readability of scales and settings • Avoid absolute judgment • -ranges of knobs • Redundancy • -usability for user • Proximity Compatibility • -location of user controls • Top-down processing • - Assimilating knob sizes with functionality

41. New Design Principles • Principle of pictorial realism • Battery charge displayed as symbol for battery • Heart rate indicated by heart symbol • Adding more symbols to redundantly display realism • Principle of moving part • Any loaded data will mimic real movement and typical psychological movements in humans

42. User Controls- speaker CUI Inc.- CDMG16008-03-ND

43. User controls- settings switches TE Connectivity- SWITCH KNOB STRGHT 0.76" W/SPIN Kilo International- KNOB BLK GLOSS.625"DIA.125"SHAFT Kilo International- KNOB BLK MATTE.50"DIA 6MM SHAFT

44. switches Manual Switch Mode Switch Kilo International- KNOB BLK MATTE.50"DIA .125"SHAFT NKK Switches- SWITCH PUSHBUTTON DPDT 3A 125V Power Switch Reset Switch GrayhillInc.- SWITCH PUSH SPST-NC 1A 115V TE Connectivity- SWITCH ROCKER SPST 20A 125V

45. User Interface Test Plans • Objective: how inherent it is to use; ease of use • Subjects: RIT ambulance, doctors from RIT health center, ski patrollers • Procedure: • 1. design a mock up of user interface using actual user controls2. design a set of tasks for the subjects to complete that simulate situation encountered while utilizing ventilator3. record data: tasks performed correctly, general observations3. perform statistical analysis on data collected for percentages of subjects that complete tasks correctly

46. Plastic Sheeting • Strong • Waterproof • Connections (screws, bolts, etc.) easily attached • Cost Effective • Between $6-$40 for 2880 square inches. • Adjustable / Easily Worked With • When heated, becomes extremely flexible and can be bent to specified angles. (Vaccu-form, manual shaping) • When cooled, retains shape and strength.