WHAT DOES ENLARGEMENT MEAN FOR THE EUROPEAN UNIONS ’ S DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?

1. WHAT DOES ENLARGEMENT MEAN FOR THE EUROPEAN UNIONS’S DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE? Presented by Dr. Joerg F. Maas, German Foundation for World Population (DSW)

2. Overview • European Union’s development assistance • New member states: From aid recipients to donors • Impact of enlargement on development policy and SRH • Recommendations

3. 58.274 ODA total 2002 58.274 billion USD 36.509 share from the European Commission and the EU countries 36.509 billion USD Total ODA and contribution share from the European Commission and the EU countries Source: Development Assistance Committee (DAC), Paris -2002

4. 0.520 Austria Public Development Cooperation 2002– European Donors – Net Funds in billion USD 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 6.516 5.324 4.924 5.486 3.338 2.332 1.991 1.712 1.643 1.696 0.939 Italy Denmark France Sweden Spain European Commission Switzerland Norway Germany Netherlands Great Britain Source: Development Assistance Committee (DAC), Paris - 2002

5. Commitment to population activities Source: Euromapping 2003 edited by DSW & IPPF

6. The EU’s involvement in population activities. • Poverty alleviation ultimate objective of EC aid. • Population activities ~ 8% of the total EC ODA. • In 2001, the EC alone committed ~ EUR 20.7 million to Health, Aids and Population (HAP) programmes (~75% went to HIV/AIDS programmes and ~25% to SRH) • 26% of EC aid are channelled through NGOs or other non-state actors.

7. Accession countries’ development policy advancement The European Union Existing development policy: Estonia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland Development policy in construction: Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Hungary, Malta No development policy: Cyprus Source: Euromapping 2003 edited by DSW & IPPF

8. The EU’s acquis in development cooperation: implications for new members • The new accession countries, upon joining the EU, will accept the “acquis communautaire”. • EU development policy is part of acquis. • Implications/Requirements for the new MS: - Make the transition from recipient to donor country - Establish specific legal and administrative frameworks for their own development policies - Create specific ODA budget lines - Help fulfil the political commitments of Monterrey and Barcelona: EU’s aid to 0.39 of GNI collectively and to 0.33 individually by 2006.

9. ODA (Millions USD) ODA/GNI Ratio (%) Pledges 2001 2002 2001 2002 (ODA/GNI) Czech Republic 26.5 25 0.05 0.05 0.13% in 2006 Slovakia 8 11.07 0.04 0.06 0.15% in 2006 Poland 36 33.73 0.02 0.02 0.1% in 2006 Estonia 0.45 0.47 0.01 0.01 0.1% in 2006 Hungary 10 8.07 0.02 0.02 0.1% in 2006 Latvia 0.06 1.33 ~0 0.02 0.1% in 2006 Lithuania 4 1.9 0.02 0.02 0.08 - 0.1% in 2006 Malta na 0.47 na 0.01 0.15 % in 2006 Slovenia 2 23.73 0.01 0.13 0.15 % in 2006 Cyprus na 2 na 0.02 0.15 % in 2006 Accession countries’ ODA situation Source: Euromapping 2003 edited by DSW & IPPF/ European Commission SEC(2004)246

10. New member states: The ongoing transition from aid recipients to donors • Policy frameworks and aid practices don’t focus on poverty reduction yet. • More public sympathy for humanitarian aid than for development cooperation. • Financial resources devoted to ODA limited due to overall budgetary constraints and weak political will. • Limited institutional capacity to handle higher flows of ODA. Source: European Commission

11. SRH issues in the new member states:“No-no issue or international commitment?” • Low commitment to SRH at government level; NGOs focus on advocacy in their own countries. • Only in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, health is so far a major objective of development policy. • Only Hungary specifically mentions the fight against HIV/AIDS and the promotion of gender issues. • Accession countries with conservative views or no specific knowledge on SRH issues could endanger the Cairo commitment of the EU.

12. Impact of enlargement on EU’s development assistance • Changes to the EC structure due to enlargement; reform of external assistance. • New member’s influence on development policy. Rising importance of Balkans, Central Asia in European development assistance. Will Africa be lost entirely? • Enlargement will increase the number of votes available to EU Member States in many international organisations. “Super-Europe” shaping global development strategy?

13. Impact of enlargement on reproductive health and population activities • SRH even more controversial. • Change of focus: The accession countries’ can contribute to expand the promotion of sexual and reproductive rights in the Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. • Advantages of “late development”: possibility to make SRH a cross-cutting issue in all development aid measures.

14. Recommendations • What can „new member‘s NGOs“ do? • Make health (esp. SRH) a priority • Make the „HIV/Aids“-case • Raise public awareness • Start „accession negotiations“ with existing European NGO networks (e.g. EuroNGOs, Concord) • Become „professional eurolobbyists“, making your voice heard in Brussels

15. Recommendations • What can „old“ and „new member NGOs“ do together? • Share each other‘s experiences • Build on existing networks (e.g. IPPF, OSI, CONCORD, ASTRA, etc.) • Develop messages • Involve all kinds of advocacy/lobby from accession countries • Strengthen „Cairo“-advocacy • Establish effectful partnerships

16. Conclusion “Today’s EU development co-operation is very much a product of history, and of the history of enlargement” - Poul Nielson –