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Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)

Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA). OFDA/MLU 21 May 2010. Big Picture: Foreign Aid Types. Bilateral Development Aid Economic Assistance Supporting U.S. Political and Security Goals Humanitarian Assistance Multilateral Economic Contributions Military Aid.

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Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)

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  1. Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) OFDA/MLU 21 May 2010

  2. Big Picture: Foreign Aid Types • Bilateral Development Aid • Economic Assistance Supporting U.S. Political and Security Goals • Humanitarian Assistance • Multilateral Economic Contributions • Military Aid

  3. Difference in Terminology USAID Humanitarian Assistance Relief Development DOD “Humanitarian” Programs:

  4. USG Key Players Secretary of State Secretary of Defense USAID Administrator & Director of U.S. Foreign Assistance Department of State Department of Defense U.S. Agency for International Development OFDA

  5. USAID Missions

  6. USAID’s Civ-Mil Actors OMA Strategic Issues – USAID Point of Contact for Military OFDA Tactical and Operational--Working with DOD During Disasters

  7. Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)

  8. What is OFDA’s Role? • Lead USG Agency for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response • Organizes • Coordinates • Reports the entire USG response • US Military in Supporting Role for HA/DR

  9. 40+ Years of Disaster Assistance 1963, Skopje Earthquake in Former Yugoslavia 1963, Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica

  10. OFDA’s Mandate • Save Lives • Alleviate Human Suffering • Reduce the Economic and Social Impact of Disasters

  11. OFDA Special Authorities • “Notwithstanding” • Expedited Procurement • Streamlined Grants • Work in Restricted • Countries • “Borrowing” • From Regional • Bureaus

  12. Types of Disasters • Rapid Onset • Slow Onset • Complex Emergencies

  13. Fulfilling the OFDA Mandate 1. Disaster Response 2. Mitigation & Disaster Risk Reduction

  14. OFDA’s Criteria for Response Local Government Must Ask for, or Be Willing to Accept, Assistance. The Disaster Must Exceed the Capacity of the Local Government to Respond. The Response Must be in the Interest of the US Government.

  15. Who Can Declare a Disaster? • US Ambassador or the Chief of Mission • Assistant Secretary of State for the Region

  16. OFDA Response Options $50,000 Grants to IOs and NGOs Commodity Shipments Regional Advisors Assessment Team DART (Disaster Assistance Response Team) RMT (Response Management Team) Any Combination of Above

  17. Miami (30,000 sq ft) • Plastic Sheeting • Blankets • Collapsible Water Jugs • Lg water storage bladders • Hygiene Kits • Water treatment trailers • Rubber boats • Pisa (50,000 sq ft) • Plastic Sheeting • Blankets • Collapsible Water Jugs • Lg water storage bladders • Hygiene Kits • Water treatment trailers • Dubai (38,000 sq ft) • Plastic Sheeting • Blankets • Collapsible Water Jugs • Hygiene Kits • Lg water storage bladders • Water treatment trailers • Rubber boats • Vehicles (LAV & FAV)

  18. OFDA FY 2007 Funding By Recipient

  19. OFDA’s Budget $ ~10b – USAID $ ~400m – OFDA Core Budget $ ~600m – OFDA Core + Supplementals (Sudan, etc.)

  20. TOTAL PERSONNEL = ~ 250 OFDA Regional Office

  21. A Challenging Environment: The Fog of Relief NGO NGO NGO OTHERDONORS OTHER UN AGENCIES IN COUNTRY UNOCHA EU/ ECHO HOST NATION SECURITY FORCES USG WFP NGO UNHCR ICRC NGO IOM UNDP INTERNATIONALPOLICE PRESENCE UNJLC Other Nation Military Affected Country Requirements

  22. Host Nation • Response Capacity Varies by Country • Often has Disaster Coordinating Body • Military Support to Response: HN Military Transport of Supplies • Embassy/USAID Cultivate Relationships with HN Officials

  23. The US Embassy • Ambassador is in Charge • USAID often co-located with Embassy • RSO Directs “Force Protection” for USG Civilians • Public Affairs • DAO, SAO, Milgroup, etc.

  24. The USAID Mission • Not in Every Country • Mission Director is GO/FO rank • Experienced Technical Experts who Know the Country • Local Employees (FSNs) • Critical for Relief to Development Transition and Military Endstate

  25. Donors • Japan (JICA) • European Union (ECHO) • United Kingdom (DFID) • Canada (CIDA) • Australia (AusAID) • Germany (GTZ)

  26. Principles of Humanitarian Assistance • Respect the primary responsibility of states for the victims of humanitarian emergencies within their borders • Humanitarian action is guided by impartiality, neutrality and independence • Allocate resources based on need • Strengthen the capacity of the affected country to prevent, prepare for, mitigate and respond to crises • Involve beneficiaries in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation

  27. UN World Food Program Telecom Package in Arbil, Iraq

  28. UN Humanitarian Air Service

  29. United Nations • UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) • UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) • UN World Health Organization (WHO) • UN Development Program (UNDP) • UN Peacekeepers

  30. International Organizations • ICRC vs IFRC • Natural Disasters? • Conflict? • International Organization for Migration (IOM) • Regional Organizations • NATO, AU, OAS, ASEAN, CDERA, CEPREDENAC, PAHO • International Financial Institutions • WB, ADB, IADB,

  31. NGOs • Vary in Character • Advocacy • Operational • Development focus • Disaster specialists • International or Local • Varied funding sources • Funding primarily from private donations & grants from donor countries • Impartial • Dedicated • Work in Insecure Environments

  32. How NGOs Operate • Often Long-term… may Already Be There • Knowledgeable and Experienced Expat & Local Staff • Decentralized Authorities • Personality more important than “Rank”

  33. DOD and USAID Coordination During Disaster Response

  34. Int’l Military Assets are a Last Resort Need for Assistance International Military and Civil Defense Assets International Civilian Relief Local/National Response incl. military Time

  35. “DOD'S ROLE IN DISASTER RESPONSE IS PART OF A COMPREHENSIVE U.S. GOVERNMENT APPROACH IN WHICH THE U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT/OFFICE OF FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE (USAID/OFDA) IS THE LEAD AGENCY. IN THIS CAPACITY, USAID/OFDA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING APPROPRIATE U.S. GOVERNMENT (USG) CONTRIBUTIONS AND COORDINATING OVERALL USG DISASTER RESPONSE ACTIVITIES. PRIOR TO THE COMBATANT COMMANDS' COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES TO DISASTER RESPONSE, USAID/OFDA VALIDATES THE HUMANITARIAN REQUIREMENT AND THE OFFICE OF THE SECETARY OF DEFENSE APPROVES SPECIFIC REQUESTS FOR DOD SUPPORT” ------OSD/SOLIC Guidance Cable OSD Guidance

  36. Coordinate and liaise between OFDA and US Military during humanitarian assistance/ disaster relief (HA/DR) operations to realize OFDA’s mandate and harmonize USG efforts Influence US military decision-making process, pre-event activities (planning, exercises), policy, doctrine, and execution of HA/DR operations OFDA Civ-Mil Priorities

  37. FY 2008 OFDA Disasters Declared Disasters: 81 DOD Disaster Response: 10 (~12%)

  38. OFDA – Military Joint Operations: FY08 Examples Dominican Republic Storm Bangladesh Cyclone Bolivia Rains Paraguay Yellow Fever Ecuador Floods Burma Cyclone China Earthquake Philippines Typhoon Georgia Complex Haiti Storms

  39. Bangladesh Cyclone

  40. Start Talking to Each Other Immediately At all Levels USAID/OFDA – OSD – COCOM –State Dept Decide Who Does What, Who Pays and If DOD Support is Needed CONCEPT #1

  41. Determining the USG Response In Washington DC OSD DSCA JCS State NSC USAID / OFDA In Theater Embassy USAID Mission Mission DR Officer OFDA Regional Office COCOM Components DAO/MILGRP

  42. Exchange Liaison Officers At the COCOM In the field: DART – Joint Task Force (JTF) In Washington: (RMT) CONCEPT #2

  43. Share Information Link Key leaders, especially in field Sitreps, Planords, Exords, Cables- Electronically Joint Current Planning & Joint Transition Planning UNCLASSIFIED is Best CONCEPT #3

  44. CONCEPT #4 • WholesaleVs. Retail • Airfield Management • Off-Loading & Trans-loading • Moving supplies and People • Helicopter & Air Support • Engineering • Security

  45. Fairfax Country USAR Loading Equipment onto a C-5

  46. What’s the Mission? • Wholesale Vs. Retail • Food Distribution • Commodities Distribution • Health/ Water & Sanitation Programs • Processing/ • Screening of Displaced Persons • Vaccinations • Tracing

  47. Example: Lebanon Crisis 2006 Wholesale: U.S. Navy (transportation) Retail: Mercy Corps (distribution)

  48. Example: Burma Cyclone 2008 Wholesale: UN, DOD, commercial Retail: NGOs, UN, HN Gov’t

  49. Pull system for incoming commodities, NOT PUSH! No Potentially Harmful Goods CONCEPT #5 Frustrated Goods

  50. One US Government Team US Ambassador sets Policy DOD-USAID Link-Up Combine / Share Capabilities CONCEPT #6

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