European Exploration of the New World

1. European Exploration of the New World SS8H1: The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on Native American cultures

2. Reasons for Exploration • Wanted to find the shortest trade route to Asia (China) and the West Indies. • In search of gold, spices (i.e. pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves), and silk. • To spread Christianity. • The three G’s: • Gold • God • Glory

3. The Age of Exploration • Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal – Began exploring the western and SW coasts of Africa. • Bartholomew Diaz – rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488.

4. The Age of Exploration • Christopher Columbus – Landed in San Salvador (Bahamas) on Oct. 12, 1492. • Three ships (Pinta, Nina, and the Santa Maria) • Believed he reached the East Indies (China). • Made four journeys to the “New World.” • Opened the New World to other European explorers.

5. The Age of Exploration • John Cabot – Discovered Newfoundland (Canada) in 1497.

6. The Age of Exploration • Vasca da Gama - Sailed around the continent of Africa and reached India in 1498. Opened a trade route with Asia.

7. Age of Exploration • Ferdinand Magellan – First to reach Asia by sailing west. First person to sail around the entire globe.

9. Spanish Exploration of the New World • Spain explores the Caribbean in search of wealth. • 1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon discovers Florida. • 1519 – Hernando Cortez lands in Mexico (defeats Aztecs by 1521). • 1533 Francisco Pizarro sets out for western South America (defeats the Incas by 1535).

10. Hernando de Soto • Searched for gold. • 1539 – began exploring Florida (expedition involved over 600 men). • 1540 – entered SW Georgia near Albany. • De Soto’s group had superior weaponry (guns, crossbows, armor). • De Soto’s expedition was responsible for the death of thousands of Native Americans. • Due to warfare, but primarily from disease (measles, smallpox, influenza). • Never found gold.

11. Hernando de Soto

12. Spanish Explorers

13. Impact of Spanish Exploration • Europeans brought tools, goods, and diseases that would change Native Americans’ way of life forever. • Horses and Guns were important because: • They helped Europeans travel large areas. • Helped with trade. • Helped conquer people. • Begins slavery in the Americas. • The spread of diseases killed thousands of Native Americans.

14. Early Spanish Missions • Believed it was their duty to spread Christianity/Catholicism. • Mission – a settlement formed by a church in a foreign country to spread its faith. • Missionary –someone sent by a church to a foreign country to spread its faith. To teach others how to become “civilized.” • Early Spanish missions were built in the barrier islands off coast of GA. • Native Americans used the missions to learn English, trade, and negotiate.

15. Exit Questions • 1. What country did Columbus sail for? • 2. Why did Columbus call the Native Americans Indians? • 3. What were the three reasons for Spanish Exploration? • 4. Who was first European to explore Georgia? • 5. What were the diseases that killed the Native Americans during De Soto’s expedition?

16. Reasons for English Exploration • Refugees for Protestants • Spread Christianity (Protestantism) to Indians • Mercantilism (a policy that England should export more than it imports)

17. Reasons for French Exploration • To find new trading partners • Spread Catholicism • Explored the Northern Coast/Canada • Explored Ohio river valley

18. New World Potatoes Sweet Potatoes Peanuts Turkey Yams Pumpkin Corn Chocolate Europe Horses Rye Radishes Beets Sugar cane Rice Peaches Wheat Chickens Pigs Oxen Sheep Goats Cattle alcohol New World/Old World Exchange

19. 1. What is the number one reason for the Spanish Missions? • 2. What religion are the Spanish? • 3. What is mercantilism? • 4. Name 3 things that Europe exchanged to the New World. Name 3 things that the New World exchanged to Europe?