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SULFONAMIDES

Sulfamethoxazole- Trimethoprim (SMX) (TMP) . Co-trimoxazole ( Bactrim, Septra )Introduced in mid 1970sAlone, each agent is bacteriostaticTogether they are bactericidalsThe ratio of TMP to SMX in vivo is 1:20Currently, sulfonamides are used most frequently in this com

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SULFONAMIDES

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    1. SULFONAMIDES Sulfonamides introduced in 1930s. They are bacteriostatic. Their usefulness is limited by: Bacterial resistance Formation of crystaluria Development of effective antibiotics A sulfonamide alone is not the drug of first choice for any bacterial pathogen. They act by interfering with bacterial synthesis of folic acid.

    2. Sulfamethoxazole- Trimethoprim (SMX) (TMP) Co-trimoxazole ( Bactrim, Septra ) Introduced in mid 1970s Alone, each agent is bacteriostatic Together they are bactericidals The ratio of TMP to SMX in vivo is 1:20 Currently, sulfonamides are used most frequently in this combination TMP-SMX act on 2 sequential steps of the enzymatic pathway for the synthesis of folic acid by the bacteria.

    3. MECHANISM OF ACTION P-Aminobenzoic Acid Dihydropteroate Sulfonamides synthetase Dihydrofolate Dihydrofolate reductase Tetrahydrofolate Nucleic acid synthesis

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