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BACKUP/MASTER: Strategies for Archiving

Understand the differences between backups and archives, and learn effective strategies for long-term data storage. Explore hardware and software requirements, costs, and environmental considerations.

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BACKUP/MASTER: Strategies for Archiving

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  1. BACKUP/MASTER:Strategies for Archiving Dianne McAdam Senior Analyst and Partner Data Mobility Group

  2. Backup versus archiving • Terms used interchangeably • Define different processes • Different end results

  3. Backups • Designed to protect ALL data • Datacenter, desktop, laptops • Run on a regular basis • Every 24 hours • More often for mission-critical applications • Multiple backup copies are saved • Several copies of weekly backups • Incrementals • Monthly and quarterly backups

  4. Backups (2) • Usually not actively deleted • Overwritten • Second set of incrementals overwrites the first • Fifth set of weekly backups overwrites the first • Multiple backup processes and software can exist • One product for laptops • Another for departmental backups

  5. Archive • Not a backup copy • Not a disaster recovery copy • Data that is kept for a long period of time • Can be called: • Fixed-content data • Unstructured data • Reference data • Retention managed data

  6. Archive (2) • Active archive • Deep archive

  7. Active archive • Software to “slim down” databases • Databases expand over time • Customer databases contain numerous “inactive” customers • Software extracts inactive data • Associated table definitions, indexes, metadata • Migrates inactive data to lower-cost storage • Disk, tape or optical storage

  8. Active archive (2) • Designed to improve management of large databases • Not a replacement for backup • Not a form of data protection • Does not have to run daily, but on a regular basis • Weekly, monthly • Depends on the amount of data that becomes “inactive” • Saves money • Using lower-cost storage • Improves performance of main database • Quicker to backup and restore

  9. Deep archiving • Corporations have had internal policies for how long data should be kept • Medical, financial, employee records • Engineering designs • New regulations are dictating retention periods • Archival software designed to store regulated and non-regulated data for specific period of time

  10. Deep archiving (2) • Not a backup copy • Not a disaster recovery copy • Data is actively deleted • When a specified time period elapses • Seven years for e-mail • When a specific event occurs • Two years after an employee leaves the company

  11. Deep archiving (3) • Many different types of storage • Tape, optical, disk, special appliances • Backups store multiple copies of data; archive should store only one copy • SEC 17a-4 • Need to keep one copy offsite • Some regulations require WORM support

  12. Deep archiving (4) • Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) • Time to recover data • Different from backups • Recovery Point Objectives (RPO) • Age of data used to restore • RPO = 0

  13. What’s the cost? • Not just acquisition costs • Other long-term costs • Environmental factors • Maintenance

  14. Hardware requirements • How much data will be archived? • Projected growth rate • Retention period • Backed up onsite or offsite • Extra capacity for unexpected growth

  15. Hardware requirements (2) • Media choice • Disk, SATA disk, tape, optical • Average disk/tape utilization • RAID level • Combination of disk/tape? • WORM support required?

  16. Purchase and maintenance costs • Purchase price • Installation and freight charges • Warranty period • Lifespan of equipment • Cost to migrate • People • Software

  17. Software requirements • Archive software costs • Additional software required? • Compatibility with existing/new equipment

  18. Environmental requirements • Footprint • Power • Cooling

  19. Calculating the costs • Calculate storage requirements • Assumptions • Initial storage requirements = 50 TB • Annual growth rate = 10% • Average tape utilization = 85% • Average compression 2:1 • Average disk utilization = 70% • No data expires the first 7 years

  20. Calculating the costs

  21. All-tape configuration

  22. All-disk configuration

  23. Calculating environmentals • Assumptions • $20/square foot/month • $.10/KWH • Electrical = (Power + cooling) * units * 8760 *.1

  24. Calculating environmentals (2) • Assumptions • $20/square foot/month • $.10/KWH • Electrical = (Power + cooling) * units * 8760 *.1

  25. Seven-year costs

  26. Some caveats – not included • The cost of maintenance • The cost to replace disk and tape • The cost of the software • The cost of phasing in equipment purchases

  27. Some caveats – not included (2) • The amount of data that will expire • The cost associated with backing up data • The additional cost for RAID-1 or RAID-5 disk • The additional cost of HBAs and cables, etc.

  28. Other options • Hybrid disk/tape solution

  29. Hardware costs - hybrid Disk appliance $276,600

  30. Seven-year costs: Hybrid solution

  31. Summary • Disk • Initially costs more and continues to cost more over the years • Faster retrieval time • How often do you replace disk? • Every 3 years? • Tape • Initially costs less and continues to cost less • Slower retrieval time than disk • How often do you replace tape? • Every 5 – 7 years?

  32. Summary (2) • WORM support • WORM cartridges cost 10-15% more • Evaluate tape/disk combination • Evaluate integrated tape with disk appliance • Evaluate migration efforts and costs

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