IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO:

4. FIRST ENGLISH SETTLEMENT IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO: 2 1)DO THE DQ FOR THE DAY. WRITE THE DAILY QUOTE AND ANSWER THE QUESTION FOR THE DAY. 2) YOU ARE TO COPY THE NOTES (I GET MY COPY BACK). 3) ANALYZE POCAHONTAS PICTURES 4) ANALYZE JOHN SMITH LETTER 5) READING STARVING TIME • ON THE BOARD: • DQ2 • FIRST ENGLISH SETTLEMENT NOTES • POCAHONTAS PICS/ LETTER • STARVING TIME READING

“He who shall not work, he shall not eat.” -JOHN SMITH Daily Comment & Card 1607 HEADRIGHT SYSTEM JAMESTOWN -Used by Virginia Company to attract colonists -Promised land (50 acres) to immigrate -50 acres for each servant -Made use of indentured servants popular -Named for James I -Settled in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London -First permanent English settlement -swampy location -goes through “Starving Time” when J. Smith leaves SONGS FOR THE DAY: COLORS OF THE WIND

Daily Comment & Card “He who shall not work, he shall not eat.” -JOHN SMITH HEADRIGHT SYSTEM -Used by Virginia Company to attract colonists -Promised land (50 acres) to immigrate -50 acres for each servant -Made use of indentured servants popular SONGS FOR THE DAY: COLORS OF THE WIND

Daily Comment & Card 1607 “It is enough that the child lives.” -Pocahontas JAMESTOWN -Named for James I -Settled in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London -First permanent English settlement -swampy location -goes through “Starving Time” when J. Smith leaves SONGS FOR THE DAY: VIRGINIA COMPANY

“…She next under God, was still the instrument to preserve this colony from death, famine and utter confusion.” -John Smith writing about Pocahontas and Jamestown Daily Comment & Card 1619 HOUSE OF BURGESSES -Representative assembly in Virginia -Voting first given to all free men, later to those who owned 50 acres of land -First elected legislature in America SONGS FOR THE DAY: OUR HOUSE

“[She] was the first Christian of that [Indian] nation and the first Virginian who ever spake English.” -JOHN SMITH (talking about Pocahontas) Daily Comment & Card 1609-1610 1600s TYPES OF COLONIES IN THE NEW WORLD “STARVING TIME” -In a joint stock colony (or charter), colonists were basically members of a corporation -A royal colony had a governor selected by the King (who total control of the colony) -Proprietary colonies were owned by individuals (who were directly responsible to the king). The proprietor selected a governor. -A time of starvation in Jamestown following the departure of John Smith -Colonists depended upon trade with the local Natives for food -Conflict with the Natives limited the colonists ability to trade for food -Large numbers of colonists died, some fled back to England -Led to the introductions of reforms that helped with survival SONGS FOR THE DAY: HUNGRY LIKE THE WOLF

“[She] was the first Christian of that [Indian] nation and the first Virginian who ever spake English.” -JOHN SMITH (talking about Pocahontas) Daily Comment & Card 1609-1610 “STARVING TIME” -A time of starvation in Jamestown following the departure of John Smith -Colonists depended upon trade with the local Natives for food -Conflict with the Natives limited the colonists ability to trade for food -Large numbers of colonists died, some fled back to England -Led to the introductions of reforms that helped with survival SONGS FOR THE DAY: HUNGRY LIKE THE WOLF

“[She] was the first Christian of that [Indian] nation and the first Virginian who ever spake English.” -JOHN SMITH (talking about Pocahontas) Daily Comment & Card 1600s TYPES OF COLONIES IN THE NEW WORLD -In a joint stock colony (or charter), colonists were basically members of a corporation -A royal colony had a governor selected by the King (who had total control of the colony) -Proprietary colonies were owned by individuals (who were directly responsible to the king). The proprietor selected a governor. SONGS FOR THE DAY: HUNGRY EYES

Daily Comment & Card 1600s Indentured Servitude -Poor workers, convicted criminals, debtors, or anyone who wanted a chance at a new life received immigration passage in return for a number of years at labor -they entered contract voluntarily and kept some legal rights -they had little control over their conditions and some were treated very harshly -predominant labor system until 1670s SONGS FOR THE DAY: WORKING FOR THE WEEKEND

STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO: -describe early English attempts and settlement. -interpret the fate of the Roanoke colony. -examine the factors of success in Jamestown -Assess the importance of Pocahontas to the survival of Jamestown

III. FIRST ENGLISH SETTLEMENT A. EARLY CONTACT B. ROANOKE C. JAMESTOWN D. GOVERNMENT

A. EARLY CONTACT CABOT -Early English attempts at colonization unsuccessful -John Cabot (1497) thought he was in China -Captain John Hawkins & “Sea Dogs” raid Spanish ships HAWKINS 1/7

ROANOKE • Before Jamestown • Virginia named in honor of Queen Elizabeth • LOST COLONY • Relief ships delayed 3 years (war w/ Spain) See smoke from ship, make noise, don’t want to scare them… 117 Sir Walter Raleigh 2/7

JAMES I MAKES A GUARANTEE: SETTLERS RETAIN THEIR RIGHTS AS ENGLISHMEN WHEN THEY TRAVEL TO AND SETTLE IN THE NEW WORLD* *IMPORTANT TO REVOLUTION LATER ON. . . 3/7

C. JAMESTOWN • 1607 • VIRGINIA COMPANY /JOINT STOCK COMPANY • 38% SURVIVE FIRST YEAR • STARVING TIME!! (>75%- 500 to 60) • SUCCESS FACTORS: 1) STRICT GOVERNORS 2) INDIVIDUAL LAND 3) TOBACCO (introduced by John Rolfe) NAMED AFTER KING $ 4/7

Area known as the Chesapeake (VA/MD) 75% were indentured servants Passage paid for 7 years of service ½ did not survive period of service 5/7

RELATIONS WITH NATIVES POWHATAN, LOCAL CHIEF POCAHONTAS & JOHN SMITH (SAVED LIFE?) MARRIES JOHN ROLFE 6/7

D. GOVERNMENT • FIRST ELECTED LEGISLATURE HOUSE OF BURGESSES 2 MEN PER SETTLEMENT JULY 1619 PROPERTY-HOLDING MALES VOTE 7/7

Source: Dennis B. Blanton, “Jamestown’s Environment,” Center for Archaelogical Research, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, 2000 DOCUMENT A: Many people have commented over the last four centuries on the qualities of Jamestown’s environment… Because the adjacent river and creeks became brackish as water levels rose, reliable sources of fresh water would have been scarce by the seventeenth century…, English colonists dug shallow wells to supply themselves with sources of drinking water, but these were vulnerable to drought and salt water intrusion. Also, historian Carville V. Earle attributed…disease in the early years to Jamestown’s position at the salt-fresh water transition, where filth introduced into the river tended to fester rather than flush away. The island is not situated at a point of great natural food abundance, especially relative to other locations very close by…Fish are present in local streams, but only in the spring and early summer are they there in impressive abundance. • What is Brackish water? • What twice daily event would cause water levels around Jamestown to rise and cause wells and fresh water streams to become brackish? • According to Carville Earle, what happened to human waste that got dumped into the river? • What inference can you make about the effect of tides on health in Jamestown? • Consider the last paragraph, what time of the year do you think starvation was most likely to happen?

Source: Adapted from “the Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts,” Science, April 24, 1998 DOCUMENT B: • What does it mean when the line falls bellow the O line? What were the dates of the first five years of settlement in Jamestown? • Look at the years 1580-1640. During which period did Jamestown suffer its longest unbroken period of drought? • In the winter of 1609-1610, Jamestown experienced what settlers called the “starving time.” Based on this document, what inference can you make about the cause of the “starving time”? • Could the lack of rain strain English relations with the Powhatans? How?

Source: Adapted from John Smith, The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles, Book III, 1624. DOCUMENT C: • How many settlers arrived in May 1607? 1608? How many had known occupations? • How many settlers from either group were female? • What is a “gentleman”? • Of the 110 settlers who arrived in May 1607, nearly 70 were dead by December. Is there anything in the ship lists that helps explain why?

Source: Ivor Noel Hume, The Virginia Adventure, Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. DOCUMENT D: (In 1609) Francis West and thirty-six men (sailed) up the Chesapeake Bay to try to trade for corn with the Patwomeke Indians…although still part of Powhatan’s confederacy, the tribe had seen less of the English than had those closer at hand and with luck might be more friendly. And so it proved. Though West was able to load his (small ship) with grain, the success involved “some harshe and Crewell dealinge by cutting of towe (two) of the Savages heads and other exteremetyes.” The (ship) and her lifesaving cargo returned to (James Towne)… No one doubted that this new supply of grain would help, but it would not be enough to last the winter. On the other hand, decided the ship’s crew, it was plenty to get them fatly home to England. So it was that Francis West “by te perswasion or rather by the inforcement of his company hoysedup Sayles” and headed out into the Atlantic, leaving the colonists to the Indians and to God. • Is this a primary source or a secondary source? • Why did Francis West sail up the Chesapeake? • Is there any evidence that the English forced the Indians to trade their grain? • What eventually happened to the shipload of grain? • How could this document be used to help answer the question of why so many settlers died?

Source: Adapted from J. Frederick Fausz, “An Abundance of Blood Shed on Both Sides: England’s First Indian War, 1609-1614,” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, January 1990. DOCUMENT E: • What is the total number of colonists to arrive at Jamestown by the end of August of 1609? • In 1607 how many settlers died from disease? How many were killed by Indians? How many in 1608? • What caused the deaths of settlers in 1609? • What can you infer about settler—Indian relations from 1607 to 1609? What is the trend for deaths from disease or native attack in 1607, 1608, and 1609?

Source: A True Declaration of the Estate in Virginia, Published by advise and direction of the Councell of Virginia, printed in London, 1610 DOCUMENT F: …Every man overvaluing his own worth, would be a Commander: every man underprising an others value, denied to be commanded. . . how much more easily might ambitious discord teare in peeces an infant Colony, where no eminent and respected magistrats had authoritie to punish presumptuous disobedience. . . An incredible example of their idlenes, is the report of Sir Thomas Gates, who affirmeth, that after his first comming thither, he hath seen some of them eat their fish raw, rather than they would go a stones cast to fetch wood and dresse it…God sels us all things for our labour, when Adam himselfe might not live in paridice without dressing the garden. …Joyne unto these another evill: there is great store of Fish in the river, especially of Sturgeon; but our men provided no more of them, then for present necessitie, not barrelling up any store against that season the Sturgeon returned to the sea. And not to dissemble their folly, they suffered fourteene nets (which was all they had) to rot and spoile, which by orderly drying and mending might have been preserved: but being lost, all help of fishing perished. • Is this a primary source or a secondary source? • What is the one of the problems in Virginia according to the first paragraph? • What is “idleness”? • What example of “Idleness” did Thomas Gates give? • What is the problem with the fish (Sturgeon) that appear in the river for some time?

HISTORICAL SITUATION AUDIENCE POINT OF VIEW PURPOSE YWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?

WHY DID COLONISTS DIE IN EARLY JAMESTOWN? E C A D B F ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES SETTLER SKILLS (TYPE OF SETTLERS) RELATIONS WITH THE NATIVES

THE DO NOTS… • DO NOT START WITH “IN THIS ESSAY” OR “THIS ESSAY WILL.” • DO NOT USE CONTRACTIONS. WRITE IT OUT! (EX: U.S. OR DON’T OR WON’T) • DO NOT USE SYMBOLS OR TEXT SPEAK • (EX: U OR &) • 4. DO NOT MAKE IT PERSONAL • (EX: I FEEL THAT…WE AS COUNTRY…YOU MIGHT BELIEVE) • 5. DO NOT START YOUR BODY PARAGRAPHS WITH • “IN DOCUMENT A…” • DO NOT USE PRESENT TENSE. IT IS • HISTORY; IT HAPPENED IN THE PAST.

T E L THESIS STATEMENT What caused the colonists to die in early Jamestown? EXPLANATION SENTENCE Who settled Jamestown and when? ISTING SENTENCE Set up the major subjects of your 2- 3 paragraphs!

IF YOU MISSED THIS CLASS, YOU NEED TO: