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Chromosomes & Karyotypes

Learn about chromosome numbers in human cells, the consequences of nondisjunction, and genetic disorders like Trisomy and Monosomy. Explore conditions such as Down Syndrome and Turner Syndrome.

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Chromosomes & Karyotypes

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  1. Chromosomes & Karyotypes

  2. Chromosomes

  3. Chromosome Number • All cells in the human body (SOMATIC CELLS) have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes • Called the DIPLOID or 2n number • GAMETES (eggs & sperm) have only 23 chromosomes • Called the MONOPLOID or 1n number

  4. Nondisjunction • Chromosomes may fail to separate during meiosis • Resulting gametes may have too few or too many chromosomes

  5. NONDISJUNCTION • Disorders: • Trisomy (an extra chromosome) • DownSyndrome – three 21st chromosomes • Klinefelter’s Syndrome – XXY chromosomes • Edwards Syndrome three 18 chromosomes • Patau’s Syndrome three 13 chromosomes

  6. NONDISJUNCTION Disorders: • Monosomy (one fewer chromosome) • Turner Syndrome – single X chromosome

  7. Normal Male 2n = 46

  8. Normal Female 2n = 46

  9. Male, Trisomy 21 (Down’s) 2n = 47

  10. Female Down’s Syndrome 2n = 47

  11. Klinefelter’s Syndrome 2n = 47

  12. Turner’s Syndrome 2n = 45

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