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The Great Depression: Causes, Dust Bowl, and Impact

This article explores the causes of the Great Depression, the factors that led to the Dust Bowl and migration west, and the social and political impact of widespread unemployment. It delves into topics such as Hoovervilles, the stock market crash, and the hardships faced by different groups during this period.

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The Great Depression: Causes, Dust Bowl, and Impact

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  1. WARM UP • WHAT WAS THE GREAT DEPRESSION?

  2. The Great Depression Begins Chapter 22

  3. One Paragraph Each • Describe the causes of the Great Depression • Explain the factors that led to the Dust Bowl and the resulting migration west • Explain the social and political impact of widespread unemployment that resulted in developments such as Hoovervilles and etc…

  4. The Great Depression Begins • Herbert Hoover • In 1928, promising continuing prosperity and a “chicken in every pot.” Herbert Hoover accepted the Republican nomination for the presidency. • He predicted that poverty would be banished from this land. Shortly after his election, the stock market crumbled, Banks closed and millions became jobless, homeless and hopeless.

  5. Causes of the Great Depression • Crisis in the Farm Sector/Mechanization (technology) • Overproduction (supply) • Under consumption (demand) • Speculation (gamble) • many Americans abused their credit to buy cars, farms, homes, and stocks Dow Jones-health of market • Buying on Margin (credit) • stock on margin- paying a fraction of its worth with a promise to pay the rest once the stock was sold • Unequal distribution of income (gap between rich/poor <70%) • Artificial prosperity (easy credit) • Hawley-Smoot Tariff (cut back on imports and exports)

  6. BLACK TUESDAY • Stock Market Crashed • Investors began trading millions of shares • These actions caused prices to plunge for three straight days • Black Tuesday- October 24, 1929 - more than 16 million shares were traded - Stock prices plummeted

  7. List and explain 5 causes of the Great Depression

  8. Financial Collapse • Great Depression-1929-1940-economy plummeted/unemployment skyrocketed • People panicked • Withdrew $ from bank • Banks failed/closed • No FDIC (insurance)-ppl lost savings • 25% unemployment • Wage/hour reductions • Wealthy now broke • Hawley Smoot Tariff-highest tariff/protect U.S. business/Amer. Buy Amer-tough for Euro post WWI/oth nations do not buy U.S./

  9. The Dust Bowl • Great Plains • Hardest Hit-KS, OK, TX, NM, CO • Drought • Overproduction-remove thick prairie grass & top soil • High winds-blow sandy grit as far as CHI/NYC/BOS • Fams head west-Rte 66-California

  10. Explain the factors that led to the Dust Bowl

  11. Explain the move west (why, how, where)

  12. Hardship and Suffering during the Depression (No Direct Relief) • “Hoovervilles”-shantytowns • Shacks, piano boxes, bridges • “Hoover blankets”-newspaper • “Hoover flag”-pocket turned inside out • “Hoover tourists”-hoboes/transients (lvefam/ride rails) • Soup kitchen/bread line (charity organizations) • African Americans/Mexicans-last hired/1st fired/deported • Tenant Farming • Fam’s stay home-board games/Monopoly • Women-resentment bcs work-starve to death alone/shame • Children-hoboes (danger), no school, sweatshops, sickly

  13. Hoovervilles

  14. Explain the social and political impact of widespread unemployment that resulted in developments such as Hoovervilles and etc…

  15. Social/Psychological Effects of GD • Suicide • Mentally Insane • Compromise/sacrifice (present/future dreams) • Few to no doctor/dentist visits • Forgo college, marriage, children • Thrifty whole life • Sense of community (share bills) • Kindness to strangers (share resources –clothes, shelter…)

  16. Explain the social and psychological effects of the Great Depression

  17. Warm Up/Activities • What was the purpose of constructing Boulder Dam? • Discuss political cartoon-Chapter 21 • Complete notes (1 slide/paragraph)-Chapter 22 • Review Chapter 22 Section 3 Sheet • Writing Activity • Chapter 22 Packet/Discuss

  18. Hoover Struggles w/GD • Government-limited role daily affairs • “Rugged individualism”-ppl succeed through own efforts • No welfare-weaken self-respect/”moral fiber” • Boulder Dam-”Hoover Dam”-$700mil public works prog • Prov elect, flood control, water supply to western states • Fed Home Loan Bank Act-low mort rates homes/refinan farms • Reconstruction Finance Corps-$2bil emerg-banks, life insurance, railroads, other businesses-”trickle down” • Bonus Army-WWI vets/compensation/gassed-injured

  19. What are examples of ways we deal with today’s recession?

  20. interpret "You cannot extend the mastery of government over the daily working life of the people without, at the same time, making it the master of the people’s souls and thought." -President Herbert Hoover

  21. The Tennessee Valley Authority • One of Roosevelt’s New Deal Programs • The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • Established 1933 • Purpose - build dams and power plants along the Tennessee River – powered 7 states • Created 100’s of jobs for unemployed workers

  22. Refers to the programs FDR instituted after his original New Deal failed to completely fix the American economy. • One of the first reforms of the Second NewDeal was the The Wagner Act • Established collective bargaining rights for workers • Prohibited intimidating workers for organizing unions or firing union members. The Second New Deal

  23. Results of The Wagner Act • The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) -created to represent workers who felt they were not being represented by the American Federation of Labor. • The AFL and CIO merged in 1955 to become the AFL-CIO that exists today.

  24. The Second New Deal • One of the most important actions of the Second New Deal was passed in 1935. The Social Security Act • old age insurance for retirees aged 65 or older, paid half by the employee and half by the employer. • Unemployment compensation paid by a federal tax on employers and administered by the states. • Aid for the disabled and for families with dependent children paid by the federal government and administered by the states.

  25. Eleanor Roosevelt • *influential in her own right • Interested in humanitarian causes and social progress • Traveled the United States to observe social conditions and keep the president informed • Convinced Roosevelt to appoint more women to government positions.

  26. NEW DEAL • New Deal Coalition • Coughlin, Townsend, Long • Court packing • Fair Labor Standards Act • Deficit spending • Marian Anderson • P.701 –Who was Dorthea Lange • P.713-Native Americans Gain Support • Chapter 23 Section 4 –Describe culture during the Great Depression • Chap 24 Source D -opvl

  27. Neutrality Acts • In Europe, World War II started long before America entered it. • To prevent Roosevelt from involving America, Congress pass a series of • Neutrality Acts • made it illegal to sell arms or make loans to nations at war. • Later changed – permitted the sale of arms on a “Cash and Carry” basis

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