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C AREER GUIDANCE AND STUDENT COUNSELLING IN FINLAND

C AREER GUIDANCE AND STUDENT COUNSELLING IN FINLAND. 21 May 2007. Helena Kasurinen helena.kasurinen@oph.fi. FEATURES OF THE FINNISH EDUCATION SYSTEM. Equal opportunities for education irrespective of age, domicile, sex, economic situation or mother tongue Instruction free of charge

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C AREER GUIDANCE AND STUDENT COUNSELLING IN FINLAND

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  1. CAREER GUIDANCE AND STUDENT COUNSELLING IN FINLAND 21 May 2007 Helena Kasurinen helena.kasurinen@oph.fi

  2. FEATURES OF THE FINNISH EDUCATION SYSTEM • Equal opportunities for education irrespective of age, domicile, sex, economic situation or mother tongue • Instruction free of charge • Centralised steering of the whole - local implementation • Education system almost entirely publicly funded

  3. NATIONAL LEVEL AND DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE PROVISION THE FINNISH NATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION • curriculum guidelines for guidance provision in basic, vocational, upper secondary general and adult education • evaluation projects • development projects • in-service training for guidance practitioners

  4. FINLAND NATIONAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT • Ministry of Labour: - Youth Society Guarantee (young people unemployed for three months < 25 years) - training of the staff in employment offices • Ministry of Education: - Education and training guarantee - 97 % of the age group should continue their studies after basic education - evaluation of guidance provision in higher education and development projects - training of career counsellors

  5. FINNISH GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SYSTEM

  6. THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF FINLAND 3) 5 4 3 2 1 4 POLYTECHNICS 3 2 1 UNIVERSITIES SPECIALIST VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS WORK EXPERIENCE FURTHER VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS 2) 3 2 1 3 2 1 VOCATIONAL UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION and TRAINING GENERAL UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION 1) An additional 10th year is voluntary giving pupils an opportunity to improve their grades and clarify their career plans. 2) Vocational upper secondary education and training is arranged in vocational schools (including at least six months of on-the-job learning) and in the form of apprenticeship training. Adults can obtain vocational upper secondary qualifications also in competence tests. 3) The Ministry of Education has granted permission to a number of polytechnics for trial post-graduate degree programmes for 2002-2005. WORK EXPERIENCE 1) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 C o m p u l s o r y e d u c a t i o n BASIC EDUCATION PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION AGE SCHOOL YEARS

  7. SCHOOL LEAVERS AFTER 9 YEARS OF COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN FINLAND IN 2004 School leavers (comprehensive school) 66 300 (year 2000) 61 500 (year 2002) 63 523 (year 2004) 54 % upper secondary general education 38 %upper secondary vocational education 2 % optional 10th year in comprehensive school 5 % did not continue directly in education

  8. CROSS-SECTORAL COOPERATION National level • national working groups – national forums give proposals to improve guidance policies Regional level • regional working groups prepare regional strategic plans for providing guidance services Municipality level • groups planning curriculum guidelines Organisational level • student welfare groups

  9. EVALUATION OF GUIDANCE PROVISION IN FINLAND 2000–2006 • The Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council (FINHEEC): Evaluation of guidance in Higher Education 2001, a follow-up study 2006 • The Finnish National Board of Education (FNBE): Evaluation of guidance provision in comprehensive and secondary level 2001–2002 • FNBE: Evaluation of guidance in adult education 2002–2005 • FNBE: Evaluation of Career Centres in secondary level vocational education 2002 • OECD: Activity on guidance policy 2001–2003

  10. LEGISLATION 1 Acts for comprehensive, upper secondary and vocational education: • pupils and students are entitled to have educational and vocational guidance during every working day at school • multi-professional cooperation Universities and polytechnics • the institutions must have procedures how to support students in making individual study plans and taking into account both learning and career management skills

  11. LEGISLATION 2 Decrees for comprehensive education (CE), upper secondary and vocational education : • student counsellors take care of vocational and educational guidance (CE) • cooperation with working life – possibility to have time for work experience (CE) • guidance and counselling in classrooms, possibility to have personal counselling • support in learning difficulties

  12. DISTRIBUTION OF LEARNING HOURS IN CAREER GUIDANCE • COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATION lessons 2,5 hours during 7-9 grades • UPPER SECONDARY GENERAL EDUCATION 1 obligatory and 1 specialisation course during 3 years • VOCATIONAL EDUCATION min. 1,5 study weeks

  13. NATIONAL CORE CURRICULUMThe Finnish National Board of Education National curriculum guidelines for educational and vocational guidance for comprehensive education, upper secondary and vocational education : • goals and contents of educational and vocational guidance • guidance and counselling in classrooms, personal counselling, small group counselling, work experience periods • HOLISTIC APPROACH: general instructions for - internal division of labour: student counsellors, principals, group advisers, teachers - multi-professional cooperation

  14. Holistic model for counselling (Esbroeck & Watts 1998) CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING Not included in teaching SUPPORT ON PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES Experts outside the school Experts inside the school Partly in teaching Teacher Student/ group 1st in-line 2nd in-line 3rd in-line EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE

  15. BASIC GOALS OF CURRICULUM GUIDELINES • support personal growth and development • promote the development of study skills and to help in learning difficulties • counsel and guide students in educational and vocational and professional orientation

  16. SUPPORT ON PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES Psycho-social support - life situation and life history of the student • self knowledge and self-esteem of the student • life management experiences • student welfare services • multi-professional cooperation

  17. EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE • learning and studying process • individual study plans • counselling and support when planning studies and choosing courses • learning methods and strategies • students are aware of their strengths and weaknesses as students

  18. CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING • educational and occupational plans • career development • plans for the future • knowledge of working life • studying and working abroad • promote students’ skills for planning and realising life long learning • skills to use different tools to search information

  19. NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR GUIDANCE PROVISION AND CAREER EDUCATION • municipalities or regions prepare a strategic plan for guidance provision • each school makes an operational plan for the guidance provision • regular evaluation of produced services • multi-professional and cross-sectoral cooperation – expert groups • partners: parents, employment offices, social and health care, youth workers, employers, etc.

  20. Counselling process(Kasurinen 2005) CURRICULUM GUIDELINES: • psycho-social support • counselling of study skills and learning • career counselling FOLLOW-UP TRANSITION TO FURTHER EDUCATION Upper secondary school Comprehensive education Flexible options INDIVIDUAL STUDY PATH Vocational school TRANSITION TO WORK LIFE OR FURTHER EDUCATION 1 9 Choices. decision making TRANSITION COOPERATION WITH WORKING LIFE

  21. OBJECTIVES OF COUNSELLING (Kasurinen 2006) SKILLS TO PLAN AND MAKE CHOICES AND DECISIONS PROFESSIONAL GROWTH STUDY SKILLS STUDENT EMPOWER- MENT READINESS LIFE MANAGEMENT SKILLS SELF ESTEEM PARTICIPATION INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS WORKING IN GROUP CULTURAL COMPETENCE

  22. METHODS • lessons • individual counselling sessions • small-group counselling • ICT in counselling • distant counselling • practice in working life • visits

  23. BASIC AND GENERAL UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION OF ADULTS • GOAL is to give adults an opportunity to complete their unfinished studies and to improve their lifelong learning skills • GUIDANCE focuses on designing personal curricula, developing study skills, selecting relevant subjects and making education, training and career choices • Individual and small group guidance and web-tutoring are available to adult students

  24. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING AT POLYTECHNICS • COMPREHENSIVE GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SYSTEM e.g. planning of studies, international exchange opportunities, student financial aid issues, … • CAREER SERVICES in all polytechnics offering services to students and employers • INFORMATION about careers, recruitment and job exchange at • http://www.jobstep.net

  25. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING AT UNIVERSITIES • GENERAL STUDENT COUNSELLING for students at universities and for those seeking admittance to them • SPECIAL OFFICE FOR STUDENT GUIDANCE: information about studies, practical training, open university courses, … • FACULTIES/INSTITUTES: student affairs secretary, academic and other staff members responsible for tutoring and advising • CAREER AND RECRUITMENT SERVICES: meeting point for students and employers -> job opportunities after graduation • MORE INFORMATION at http://www.aarresaari.net

  26. LEGAL BASIS OF THE PRACTITIONER QUALIFICATIONS • The qualifications required for school counsellor posts at comprehensive and secondary level educational institutions are defined in the relevant legislation (Teaching Staff Qualifications Act 986/1998, § 6, § 11, § 15 and Decree 576/1998). • In HE institutions no legal basis

  27. NUMBER OF GUIDANCE PRACTITIONERS IN FINLAND • Comprehensive education ~ 1000 • Upper secondary general education ~ 430 • Secondary level vocational education ~ 300 • Polytechnics ~ 400 • Universities ~ 470

  28. C B + + Master in Education 300 ECTS 60 ECTS in counselling Pedagogical training 60 ECTS A D Master degree programme 300 ECTS Master degree programme 300 ECTS as prerequisite training Vocational higher level certificate as prerequisite training Pedagogical training 60 ECTS 60 ECTS in counselling as a minor subject + 60 ECTS in counselling Pedagogical training 60 ECTS + 60 ECTS in counselling Training modes of school counsellors in Finland

  29. IN-SERVICE TRAININGOF COUNSELLORS AND TEACHERS • OPO.FI-training: training student counsellors to use ICT and integrate ICT and internet within guidance service • Regional consultant training programmes (3, about 120 regional consultants) • Teacher training programmes in counselling • Student counsellor training programmes in counselling methods (individual and small group counselling) • Training programmes dealing with regional cooperation in counselling

  30. SUPPORT FOR HE FACULTY MEMBERS IN THE SERVICE DELIVERY • National in-service training for faculty members both in universities and polytechnics funded by the Ministry of Education • http://www.w5w.fi • http://www.oped-exo.fi

  31. GOALS OF THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT • regional cooperation • cross-sectoral and multi-professional cooperation • development of counselling and guidance services in different educational settings • development of content and methods of guidance and counselling

  32. GOALS OF THE NATIONAL PROJECT • development of follow-up systems in order to prevent dropping out • development of systematic feedback systems of counselling and guidance services in different educational settings • development of quality criteria for guidance and counselling services

  33. OVERVIEW ON THE KEY FINDINGS OF THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT OF GUIDANCE • Establishment of 50 regional fora • Key success factors: • Representatives from key stake holders and social partners • Establishment of regional strategy for co-operation • Documentation of the progress • Jointly produced framework for the cooperation (consistency, common trust, communication) • Linkages with national guidance policy development

  34. Young people in danger of dropping out Early intervention Multi- cultural counselling CROSS-SECTORAL MULTI-PROFESSIONAL • DEVELOPMENT PROJECT • OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING • - developing guidance and counselling in • different educational settings • realise the goals of national curriculum • guidelines • - develop professional skills of student • counsellors and teachers • develop counselling of • transition phases N E T W O R KS N E T W O R K S Counselling students with special needs Gender sensitive counselling AVAILABILITY AND SUFFICIENCY OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICES FOR EACH YOUNG AND ADULT PERSON

  35. GUIDANCE IN FINLAND –booklet is available on the internet at http://www.cimo.fi -> in English -> Publications

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