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National -liberation movement of Kazakh people in XVIII – the beginning of XX century.

National -liberation movement of Kazakh people in XVIII – the beginning of XX century. Lecture 21. Brief contents:. 1. The revolt of Kazakhs of Junior zhuz under leadership of Srym Datov (1783-1797) 2. The revolt under leadership of I.Taimanov and M.Utemisov (1836-1838)

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National -liberation movement of Kazakh people in XVIII – the beginning of XX century.

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  1. National -liberation movement of Kazakh people in XVIII – the beginning of XX century. Lecture 21

  2. Brief contents: 1. The revolt of Kazakhs of Junior zhuz under leadership of SrymDatov (1783-1797) 2. The revolt under leadership of I.Taimanov and M.Utemisov (1836-1838) 3. The revolt of K.Kasymov (1837-1847)

  3. 1. The revolt of Kazakhs of Junior zhuz under leadership of SrymDatov (1783-1797) The movement under the leadership of SrymDatov was one of the largest action against the Russian colonialism. The causes of this revolt were: 1.Prohibition of tsarist administration from passing of Kazakhs on the left side of the Ural river, i.e. the forcible destruction of their traditional ways of roaming from pasture.

  4. 2.Deprivation of the rights of clan ciders over Kazakhs, which were subjected to them, open plundering and violence from tsarist administration. 3.High taxes of Russian government

  5. The beginning of revolt goes back to 1783, when as the result of a winter fodder shortage for cattle Kazakhs were passing the Ural river without any permission and settling on Ural Cossack forces lands, and in spring of 1783 Ural Cossacks in answer drove back 4000 horses from Kazakhs. The revolt, which lasted for 14 years, didn’t turn out effective, but despite of this it was a signal to shaking of the Russian colonialism in Kazakhstan.

  6. 2. The revolt under leadership of I.Taimanov and M.Utemisov (1836-1838) Reasons of revolt: 1.The strengthening of khan’s power (policy of Dzhangir khan) 2. The removal of lands to poor peasants 3. Tax oppression of Russian government.

  7. 3. The revolt of K.Kasymov (1837-1847) KenesaryКasymov(1802-1847 yy.) - grandson of Ablai Khan. The revolt of KenesaryКаsymovcovered almost the whole of Kazakhstan.

  8. Reasons of revolt: • Construction of fortresses (Akmolinks,Ishim and others) • Worsening of social economic situation of kazakh people • The main aim of the uprising was the return of the occupied lands. • Restoration of Khan’s power

  9. Kenesaryhad one else goal - liberation of Kazakhs from the power of Kokand. K. Kassymovin his letters to the Emperor of Russia and the higher ranks, asked not to change the political system of the Kazakhs, do not infringe on the liberty of the people, eliminate the district and orders. • The participation of all three zhuzesgave a movement of national liberation character. The participation of the major representatives of the aristocracy in the uprising was explained by their desire to use the discontent of the people for the return of privileges and power.

  10. In November 1837y. KenesaryКаsymovhad open resistance, attacking the Cossacks of Aktau fortress, accompanying a caravan of Petropavlovsk may 26, 1838, detachments of Kenesarycaptured and burned Akmola fortress. • In the summer and in the autumn of 1838, the main part of the Middle zhuzwas United under the banner of Kenesary. Since the autumn of 1838, the movement has spread to the Junior zhuz

  11. In 1841y. rebels chose to Kenesary Khan.

  12. The state, organized by the Kenesary, was the feudal system. Khan and his social support (aristocracy) considered the Kazakh land as their property. Kenesary mainly relied on the biys, petty officers, and batyrs. The Khan's board of Kenesary, consisted of his close relatives, biys, batyrs and sultans. Power was concentrated in the hands of the Khan Kenesary instead court judge's made the Khan's court.

  13. In 1847. Kenesary invaded the Kyrgyz land. The rebellion lost anticolonial character. In the town of MaitobeKenesary was surrounded and killed. Such a tragic end, the uprising of KenesaryKasymov was predetermined by a number of factors. The war with the Kyrgyz side was fratricidal character. Part of the Kazakhs refused to support the Kenesary. He was left only with his faithful men, who were with him and were sympathetic to the difficulties that they experienced.

  14. Kenesarywas deaf to the suggestions of his advisers, who tried to dissuade him from the attack on Kyrgyz, and firmly walked to her death. The defeat of the uprising caused disunity of the Kazakhs. The cruelty of Kenesary in respect of the villages do not support it, pushed away the part of the rebels. KenesaryКasymovfought with Bukhara and Kokand, but was unable to create a coalition against Russia. It was the most serious uprising against colonial oppression, covering all three zhuzes.

  15. Monument to K.Kasymov in Astana

  16. Thank you of attention!!!

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