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In school, employed, or married Civilians ages 20-24. Source: Cohen analysis of 2003 March CPS; BJS “Prisoners in 2003”. Percent experiencing life events By age 30-34; men born 1956-1965. Source: Bruce Western, "Incarceration, Employment and Public Policy.". No Child Left Behind, 2002.
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In school, employed, or marriedCivilians ages 20-24 Source: Cohen analysis of 2003 March CPS; BJS “Prisoners in 2003”
Percent experiencing life eventsBy age 30-34; men born 1956-1965 Source: Bruce Western, "Incarceration, Employment and Public Policy."
No Child Left Behind, 2002 • Annual testing in math and reading • ‘Every child, every year’ • 71% of districts cut back other subjects • Adequate yearly improvement • Or students must have choice to transfer • Transfers only within districts, to open slots • 1% of eligible students transferred in 04-05 • Eventually school ‘restructuring’
Head Start enrollment, 1974-2005 Source: U.S. HHS, Head Start Program Fact Sheet (2006).
White-Black test gap, NAEP 71-04 Source: NAEP 2004 Trends in Academic Progress: Three Decades of Student Performance in Reading and Mathematics. http://nces.ed.gov
Schools in inadequate conditionby student percent minority * Average repairs needed for all schools is $1.7 million. Percent in each group requiring more than average. Source: GAO (1996), “School Facilities: America’s Schools Report Differing Conditions.”
New (?) culture of poverty theory • Orlando Patterson, Harvard • NYT March 26, 2006 • Cultural view of ‘disconnection’ of Black youth from mainstream • Consider: Attitudes, values, and resulting behavior • Poverty, lack of jobs, bad schools and housing can’t explain all • ‘Cool-pose culture’
Patterson’s self-defense • Does it ‘blame the victim’? • No, culture is a product of conditions • Is it ‘deterministic’ • No, culture only ‘frames’ behavior • Does it imply change is impossible? • No, culture may be easier to change than structure (e.g., Jim Crow)
Violence to a peacenik • Sometimes, without violence, violent oppression will become worse The only thing worse than having a war is not having a war?
Job to a Marxist • Choose alienation and exploitation – or poverty and exclusion The only thing worse than having a job is not having a job?
Marriage to a feminist • Dependence and domination – if not by husband, by state and market The only thing worse than having a husband is not having a husband?
Dominant institutions • When is not having a ‘bad’ thing worse than having it? • When it’s the only practical choice • Choose between deprivation and complicity with your own subordination • Dominant institutions • Define the rules of success or survival • Enforce boundaries, punish deviants • Force ‘choices’ into a narrow range
Mankind can achieve the inevitable merging of nations only by passing through the transition period of complete liberation of all the oppressed nations, i.e., their freedom to secede. -- V. I. Lenin (1916) “The Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination” Assimilation? • The only thing worse than assimilation is exclusion? • When independence is an option, inclusion may be freely chosen • Assimilation for immigrants was better than for slaves and Indians
For Tuesday • Rank top five priorities for education if you ran the Federal government (e.g., infrastructure, curriculum, etc.) • A paragraph explaining your choices and ranking