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Propaganda and Censorship. Censorship & Propaganda.
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Censorship & Propaganda • PROPAGANDA can be defined as information that could be biased or misleading that is used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. Propaganda is spread using various kinds of media (like TV, radio, speeches, posters, pamphlets, art). • CENSORSHIP restricts or removes ideas or information from the public discourse.
Political Jargon and Empty Words – Censoring Thought? Orwell writes about words whose meanings have become empty and easily manipulated. He sees this as a form of censorshipthat can even lead to self-censorship.
Sloganeering • Employing or inventing slogans– especially in a political context • Reducing complex ideas to a small phrase whose meaning is tough to pin down and difficult to refute.
Can you identify these Slogans? • Support Our Troops • These Colors Don’t Run • Yes We Can • They Hate Our Freedom • Work Makes You Free • You Are Either With Us, Or You Are With the Terrorists
Information Overload The condition of receiving so much information that it becomes impossible to notice or understand the larger issues at stake in any situation, or to find anyone else who understands enough about an issue to share your understanding of it.
From fahrenheit 451, by ray bradbury • “Cram them full of non-combustible data, chock them so damned full of 'facts' they feel stuffed, but absolutely 'brilliant' with information. Then they'll feel they're thinking, they'll get a sense of motion without moving. And they'll be happy, because facts of that sort don't change.”
Spectacle and Ritual • Many philosophers and thinkers who followed Orwell focused on the role of Ritual and Spectacle as forms of propaganda– though Orwell certainly showed the role of ritual and propaganda in oppressive societies. • Noam Chomsky, Manufacturing Consent: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vz1nIHv6P6Q • Guy DeBord, Society of the Spectacle
SPECTACLE AND RITUAL • RITUAL: A FORM OF PROPAGANDA THAT CREATS CEREMONIES– OFTEN REVERED CEREMONIES– THAT ARE SUPPOSED TO ENFORCE PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR AND EMOTIONAL REACTIONS • SPECTACLE: THE “SHOW OF IMAGES” THAT CLOAK, MASK OR HIDE REALITY. OR: THE “SPECTACULAR” DISTRACTIONS FROM REAL ISSUES, CONCERNS, ETC.
SPECTACLE • In the following slides, I’ve juxtaposed some images. What do these juxtapositions suggest about the way spectacle may be used as a form of propaganda, censorship, or self-censorship?
Spectacle and Ritual Chicago Teachers Union Striking for Improved Working Conditions, 2013
Spectacle and Ritual San Francisco 49er Playoff Rally
Spectacle v. rebellion Chilean students protest for free education, 2012
Spectacle v. Rebellion Chilean Student Protests for Free Education, 2012
Spectacle V. Rebellion Fans Outside Justin Beiber’s Hotel, London, 2012
Spectacle v. Rebellion Fans Outside Justin Beiber’s Hotel, London, 2012