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Human Diversity and “race”

Chapter 3 . Human Diversity and “race”. Humans have not be isolated long enough to develop discrete races No controlled breeding Gradual shifts – clines . RACE: a DISCREDITED BIOLOGY . Caucasoid , Negroid, and Mongoloid? Skin color is too vague

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Human Diversity and “race”

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  1. Chapter 3 Human Diversity and “race”

  2. Humans have not be isolated long enough to develop discrete races No controlled breeding Gradual shifts – clines RACE: a DISCREDITED BIOLOGY

  3. Caucasoid , Negroid, and Mongoloid? • Skin color is too vague • EX: Native Americans, Polynesians, southern India, Native Australians, San (“Bushmen”) of the Kalahari desert Races are not biologically distinct

  4. Phonotypical traits cannot be used to classify race • EX: Nilotes – tall, thin bodies with narrow noses Scandinavians – tall, thin bodies with narrow noses

  5. Complex biological trait • Melanin – primary determinant of skin color, chemical substance manufactured in the epidermis, or outer layer of the skin Explaining Skin Color

  6. Tropics • Skin color was very dark • Millions of years • Outside the tropics skin color became lighter • Natural selection’s role • Intense UV rays left severe sunburn making people more susceptible to diseases • Sunburn impairs the ability to sweat • Skin cancer

  7. Vitamin D production • Unclothed: Produce your own vitamin D • Clothing interferes with bodies development of vitamin D • Rickets – softens and deforms the bones • Northern – light skin maximizes absorption; dark skin would be screened out • Skin color protects against over absorption • Too much vitamin D can lead to hypervitaminosis D • Calcium builds up in the soft tissue

  8. Groups assumed to have a biological basis but actually defined in a culturally arbitrary way Social Race

  9. American culture • Child born 50% black and 50% white would be called “black” • Rule of descent – assigns social identify on the basis of ancestry • Hypodescent – places the children of a union or mating between members of different groups in the minority Race in the United States

  10. Why does the census ask for race? • Historically • Representatives • Monetary value Race in the Census

  11. Japan • 10% minorities • Intrinsic racism – belief that a racial difference is a sufficient reason to value one person less • “Pure” is valued Not Us: race in Japan

  12. The Role of Power • Minorities were inferior • Intelligence, ability, character, attractiveness • Passed across from generations Stratification and “Intelligence”

  13. Stratification - classification of people into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions • Inevitable • Enduring • Natural

  14. History • Nazis • “White man’s burden” • Apartheid -a former social system in South Africa in which black people and people from other racial groups did not have the same political and economic rights as white people and were forced to live separately from white people

  15. How did stratification come about? • Belief that people lack ability • Jensenism – blacks tend to perform poorly on tests

  16. Problems with testing • Bilinguals • Reflect experience of creators • Phenotypical intelligence (learning history) • Administered by a particular type of person

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