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Crisis and Absolutism

Crisis and Absolutism. Chapter 14. Religious Wars. Militant religions Spain (Catholic) Netherlands (Protestant) Philip II tries to strengthen his control, sends army Netherlands win independence Spain – Catholic power England – Protestant power Spain plans invasion of England

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Crisis and Absolutism

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  1. Crisis and Absolutism Chapter 14

  2. Religious Wars • Militant religions • Spain (Catholic) • Netherlands (Protestant) • Philip II tries to strengthen his control, sends army • Netherlands win independence • Spain – Catholic power • England – Protestant power • Spain plans invasion of England • Overthrow Protestantism • Spanish Armada (1588) defeated • Spain falls from power • England and France are 2 main powers

  3. French Wars of Religion • Huguenots (nobles) – Protestant • Ultra-Catholics (crown and supporters) • Henry IV becomes King • Converts to Catholicism • Protestants have right to worship

  4. Crisis in Europe • Several other crisis in Europe – 1500’s and 1600’s • Witch hunts • Accused witches tortured and executed • Inflation leads to economic crisis • 30 Years War (1618-1648) • Holy Roman Empire • Catholic vs. Protestant • Other European powers get involved • Divides Empire – 300 independent states

  5. English Revolution • King vs. Parliament • Who has power over what? • Divine Right of Kings • Church of England vs. Puritans • Civil War • Cavaliers(King) vs. Roundheads (Parliament) • Roundheads win • King Charles I executed • Commonwealth establish • Monarchy returns with Charles II – 1660 • James I becomes king – 1685 • William of Orange (Dutch) invades – 1688 • William crowned king - 1689

  6. Absolutism • Response to crisis • Loius XIV “Sun King” – 1661 • Best example of absolutist ruler • Model for other rulers to follow • Establishes royal court at Versailles • Wages war to dominate Europe

  7. Other Rulers • Prussia • Frederick William • Larger Powerful army • Austria • Hapsburg Dynasty • Diverse Empire • Russia • Ivan the Terrible - 1580’s • Ruthless • Crushes the boyars • Peter the Great • Modernizes and Westernizes Russia – based on Europe • Makes Russia a power

  8. Culture • Mannerism • Marks end of Renaissance • Breaks down elements of Renaissance art – balance, harmony • Baroque • Movement after Mannerism • Dramatic art and Architecture • Associated with power – St. Peter’s Square • Literature and Drama 1580-1640 • Elizabethan Era • Drama (plays) very popular • William Shakespeare • His works appealed to everyone

  9. Political Thought • Concerns with power and order • Thomas Hobbes • Absolutism is needed to preserve order • John Locke • Anti-Absolutism • Natural Rights – Life, Liberty, property • Government protects the rights or remove government • Influences democracy, law, Declaration of Independence, Constitution

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