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Crisis and Absolutism in Europe

Crisis and Absolutism in Europe. The Wars of Religion. Religious Wars. Mid-Late 1500s (16 th Century) Catholicism and Calvinism become militant Win converts and eliminate other’s authority Main battleground = France. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. 1572

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Crisis and Absolutism in Europe

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  1. Crisis and Absolutism in Europe The Wars of Religion

  2. Religious Wars • Mid-Late 1500s (16th Century) • Catholicism and Calvinism become militant • Win converts and eliminate other’s authority • Main battleground = France

  3. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • 1572 • Battle between Huguenots and Catholics • Huguenots massacred on wedding day of Henry of Navarre (in line to be king) who is Huguenot

  4. Henry IV • Henry survives and eventually becomes king but only because… • He converts to Catholicism • Edict of Nantes (1598) – Catholicism official religion (Huguenots rights of worship)

  5. Henry IV • Eventually stabbed for being too wishy-washy • But Henry and other monarchs begin gaining power as Catholic Church loses it

  6. Spain • Philip II - “Most Catholic King” • Tries to expand Spain’s territory and spread Catholicism • Crushed Calvinism in Netherlands • Tried to attack Protestant England…

  7. England • Elizabeth I in power • Repealed laws favoring Catholics • Religious tolerance – though moderate Protestantism ruled

  8. Spanish Armada • Spain’s navy largest of its time • 1588 loses major battle to England (and a storm) • Beginning of end of Spain’s power

  9. Spain weakens • Quick wealth from American colonies creates inflation • Buys more (from England and France) than they sell • Spain goes bankrupt

  10. Thirty Years’ War (1618 - 1648) • Ends Peace of Augsburg • Fought in Germany, Austria, Spain • Conflict over religion, territory, and power • Originally Catholic vs. Protestant • More on this later

  11. Result of religious wars and crisis…

  12. Absolutism in Europe • Theory of Absolutism • Rulers want to be absolute monarchs (rulers with complete power) • Believe in Divine Right of Kings (DROK) – idea that monarchs represent God on earth • Decline of feudalism helps monarchs gain power • Decline in church authority increases power • Monarchs impose order by increasing own power

  13. Essential Questions • What are the potential benefits if a person assumes complete power over a nation? • What are the potential dangers if a person assumes complete power over a nation? • How were the absolute monarchs able to gain and maintain complete control? • How did why did they lose control

  14. France

  15. France • Louis XIII • Son of Henry • Weak king, but had strong advisor • Advisor was Catholic Cardinal (Richelieu)

  16. Cardinal Richelieu • Weakened Huguenots’ power • Wanted to make France strongest country in Europe • puts France in 30 Year’s War

  17. Louis XIV (The Sun King) • L’etat c’est Moi • I am the State • France is ruled by Richilieu’s successor Cardinal Mazarin until Louis takes full power (age 23)

  18. Louis XIV • Hated the nobles (scared they would revolt) - weakens their power • Moved nobles into his palace • Ends 30 Years’ War (France becomes strongest country)

  19. Versailles (Louis palace) • 500 cooks, waiters, servants • 4 men help him get dressed • Versailles cost 2 billion (current equivalency) • 2,000 rooms • 1,400 fountains

  20. End of Louis XIV • People glad when he died • France has no money (spent it all on war) • Leads to French Revolution

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