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Elektroniikkayhdistys 13.1.2009 Green IT ( eng ) CSC:n superkone-ympäristö (fin)

Tervetuloa CSC:lle !. Elektroniikkayhdistys 13.1.2009 Green IT ( eng ) CSC:n superkone-ympäristö (fin) Konesalivierailu (viittoen). Imagine your toaster being the size of a matchbox !. 50 – 150W on a postage stamp Watts / socket ~ constant Multicores demand memory

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Elektroniikkayhdistys 13.1.2009 Green IT ( eng ) CSC:n superkone-ympäristö (fin)

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  1. Tervetuloa CSC:lle! Elektroniikkayhdistys 13.1.2009 Green IT (eng) CSC:n superkone-ympäristö (fin) Konesalivierailu (viittoen)

  2. Imagineyourtoasterbeing the size of a matchbox! • 50 – 150W on a postagestamp • Watts/socket ~constant • Multicoresdemandmemory • Capacity and bandwidth • Eachmemory DIMM takes 5- 15W • Sockets/rackincreasing “Virtualization may offer significant energy savings for volume servers because these servers typically operate at an average processor utilization level of only 5 to 15 percent “ (Dietrich 2007, US EPA 2007).11 “The typical U.S. volume server will consume anywhere from 60 to 90 percent of its maximum system power at such low utilization levels “ (AMD 2006, Bodik et al. 2006, Dietrich 2007).”

  3. Thenmultiplyyourproblembythousands • Standard rackcabinetequals 0,77m2 / 1,44m3 • HPC rackdensity (cpus&ram/rack) increases • Enter the power ! • currentsystemcabinets 25 – 40 kW • thisyear 60kW/cabinet • vendorspredict 80 -100kW racks in 2-3 years • Itbecomesimpossible to feedenough air • thru the cabinet (windspeedissue) • Water is ~20 timesmoreefficientcoolant • than air (in practice) • Liquidcooling and massive 2tn + racks • Machine roomsfaceyetanotherchallenge – • sheermass of computinginfrastructure

  4. Why GREEN IT hasbecome an issue? Is it the price of energywearetalkingabout? “At a datacenter level we estimate consumption levels in Western Europe to have exceeded 40TWh in 2007 and this is expected to grow to more than 42TWh in 2008. …which translated into €4.4 billion for entire datacenters” IDC, LONDON, October 2, 2008 Source: IDC, U.S. EnvironmentalProtectionAgency

  5. GREEN machinerooms ? Metrics and equations for machineroomefficiency PUE = PowerUsageeffectiveness (totalfacilitypower / IT power) DCIE= Data Center Infrastructureefficiency (1 / PUE) * 100% And maybeonemorecoming DCP =Data Center Productivity ( Usefulwork / totalfacilitypower) (TWh) (PUE*) Worseyet! – rememberdietrich: ”Avg. Itutilization 5-15% whichtakes 60-90% of systemmaxpower” – thenadd the overhead! Source: the greengrid, *U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2007)

  6. Aboutmachineroomefficiency.. • Q: Why PUE cannotbe 1.0 (theoreticalminimum)? • A: In order to guaranteeoperationalenvironmentyouwillneed to: • Providereliablepowersupplyin form of: uninterrublepowersupplies (UPS), generators, • backupbatteries, switchgear(s), cables, rails,.. • In general: anyelectricalcomponenthaspowerlosses and efficiencyratesbelow 100% • – the moreyouputthem into use the morepoweryoulose. • Createcoolant(coolwater & air) thatrequiresusuallyloads of extraenergyconsumedby: • coolingchillers, computingroom air conditioningunits (CRAC), coolingtowers, humidification • units, pumps, directexchangeunits … Source: the greengrid, EPA*

  7. How to improvemachineroomefficiency ! Facilitypower • Reduceredundancywhereverapplicable! (Tiers1-4) • State-of-the-arttransformers (>98%) • State-of-the-art UPS systems (>95%) • State-of-the-artswitchgears, powercables, rails,.. • Variablespeed:chillers, fans and pumps, CRACs, • Modular, upgradablefacilityapproach Facilitycooling (interior) • Donotover-cool! Tune the air and watertemperatures as high as possible * • Donotover-sizeyourcoolinggear, efficiency is worse at lowusagelevels • Hot/coldisleapproach (air) • Reduce the area/ air dimensions to becooled • Liquidcooled/closedracks (Water is ~15x moreefficientthan air) *ASHRAE

  8. And improvingfurther... Facilitycooling (exterior) …access to coldwatersupplyhence no need for largechillers • District/remotecoolingfromlocalenergycompany? • Heatdissipationfedback to districtheatingsystem etc.(morecomplex?) • Large HPC sitesconsider CPH plants of theirown to createpower and cooling • Economizer or water-side free cooling (in moderate or mild climate region) • Get the coolwaterfrom (river), deep lake, sea, groundwatersource and maybereturnitbackslightlywarmer • Cool /cold (<15 / <7 Celcius) outside air (nights, winter time) • Permafrost, ice/snow - howlikely ? Feasibility?

  9. Green computingsystems? (Green500.org) • In computingtechnologythe GREEN is definedbycomputationaloperationsachievedbyconsumedwattage i.e. Mflops/Watt – ratio (the higher the greener). • State-of-the-arttechnologyexceeds530MFlops/Watt • IBM PowerXCell and BlueGenesystems • Top result of 535MFlops/Watt • TOP-DOG /Petascalesystems out there – see the difference in architectures and howitaffects the powerconsumption: • IBM (hybridCell, AMD, PowerPC) Roadrunner (2.5MW) 445MFlops/W • Sun (AMD) Ranger (7MW) 152 Mflops/W. • Hybridsystem is ~3x timesmoreenergyefficientthantraditional x86 based

  10. Trends in 2011-2015 : • Hosting a Petaclasssystemwithdifferentscenarios • (assuming 3MW and 1MW systems , withfacilityefficiency of 1.6 and 1.25) Currenttechnologyapproach 14.5 M€ Currentcomputingapproachwithenhancedhosting 11.4 M€ State-of-the-artcomputingwithcurrenthostingtech. 4.8 M€ State-of-the-artapproach 3.8 M€

  11. MakeeveryFlopcount! • Optimizedcode in energyefficient hardware Someconclusions on Green IT • Makeevery Watt count! • Improvefacilityefficiency • Makeevery € count! • Reasonableinvestments and buy GREEN energy!

  12. CSC:n superkone-ympäristö ”LOUHI, Pohjan Akka” Suomen tieteellisen laskennan lippulaiva kuvattuna uudessa Pohja -konesalissa lokakuussa 2008.

  13. Mikä on Louhi ja mihin se pystyy • Perinteisen superkoneyhtiön (Cray Inc.) valmistama massiivisesti rinnakkainen supertietokone • Käyttää tavallisia AMD Inc. valmistamia prosessoreja kuten koti-pc:tkin (n. 2 500 kpl) • Käyttöjärjestelmänä ”viilattu” Linux • Otettu käyttöön vaiheittain huhtikuusta -07 alkaen, nyt täydessä laajuudessaan • Hinta n. 7M€ • Tehokas elinaika n. 4 vuotta • Laskentateholtaan 31. maailmassa ja 9. Euroopassa • Vastaa n. 5 000 tehokasta pc:tä • Teoreettinen laskentakyky n.16 000 laskutoimitusta/ihminen/s • Keskusmuistia n. 11 TB • Levyjärjestelmä 70TB (satoja kovalevyjä)

  14. XT4 Computeblade 1 räkki sisältää 3 x 8 bladea á 4 tai 8 CPU CPU1 muisti net1 + puhallin 1,4m3/s

  15. Louhen fyysiset mitat ja sijoitus saliin Koko järjestelmä asennettu 60x60cm laatoitukselle, joka on korotettu (80cm) teräsjalkojen varaan. Kantokyky 600kg/jalka, Laatan pistekuormakestävyys 9kN. PA = 3.6 x 6 (21.5m2) Korkeus 2 m Massa: 15 000 kg 2 x 10 laskentaräkkiä 2 dataräkkiä

  16. Sähkönsyötön periaate 72h varavoima 2500hv/2MW 63A 3000A : 100kg/jm Louhen sähköteho on 300 - 520kW, joka Syötetään kahdelta UPS-suojatulta (10min) keskukselta

  17. 475 kW sähköteho (kw) ~ 80 sähkökiukaan lämpöteho (24/7), joka pitää siirtää pois: laitteesta ilmaan, ilmasta veteen,.. 30 - 35 C 75m3 / s 1,4m3/räkki n. 40l/s n. 17 C 13 – 15 C n. 9 C

  18. ..vedestä alkoholiin ja katolle. Glykoliputket Katolle (12. krs) Kattolauhduttimet Kompressorijäähdytin 1,3MW

  19. Kiitos mielenkiinnosta, kysymyksiä?

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