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Perception

Perception. How we organize and interpret sensory information. Selective attention - we can only focus awareness on a limited part of what we are sensing. Cocktail party effect – type of selective attention in which you can attend to only one voice at a time

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Perception

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  1. Perception How we organize and interpret sensory information

  2. Selective attention - we can only focus awareness on a limited part of what we are sensing. Cocktail party effect – type of selective attention in which you can attend to only one voice at a time Cell phones and driving? Listening to music and studying?

  3. Visual Capture • The tendency for vision to dominate your senses. • At an IMAX movie, it feels like you are moving because it looks like you are moving. Your vision dominates over your vestibular system.

  4. Perceiving Images The first step in perceiving an image is determining the figure and ground.

  5. Do you see the arrow?

  6. Gestalt and the Urge to Organize

  7. Other gestalt principles Simplicity

  8. Gestalt Principles: Closure

  9. Gestalt Principles: Continuity

  10. Gestalt Principles: Proximity

  11. Gestalt Principles: Similarity

  12. Gestalt and the Lion King http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skD2gyP1cCs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdtMTixlBFI

  13. Motion PerceptionHow does the brain recognize an object is moving? How does it interpret the direction of movement? Brain interprets shrinking objects as receding and enlarging objects as approaching

  14. Stroboscopic Effectthe perception of motion produced by a rapid succession of slightly varying images (animation, movies)Stroboscopic effect

  15. Phi phenomenonan illusion created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession, creating the perception of movement (lighted signs, illusions)

  16. Perceptual Constancythe ability to perceive an object is the same even as the illumination and retinal image changes. Shape Constancy- perception that shape of an object doesn’t change just because image on the retina does.

  17. How many right angles do you see?

  18. Perceptual Constancy • Size constancy (the incredibly shrinking teacher) – perception that an object’s size remain the same even as the retinal image changes.

  19. Perceptual Constancy Color Constancy – the perception that familiar objects have a consistent color, even if changing illuminations alter the wavelength reflected.

  20. Perceptual Constancy Lightness constancy – the perception that familiar objects have a constant lightness, even while illumination varies.

  21. Visual Cliff – used to check for depth perception.

  22. Pre-Renaissance Art Jesus on Way to CalvarySimone Martini The Holy Innocents by Giotto di Bondone.

  23. Renaissance Art • Leonardo Da Vinci, The Last Supper Masaccio, Trinity (ca. 1425).

  24. Depth Perception • Monocular Depth Cues • Linear perspective (parallel lines appears to converge on a vanishing point) • Relative height (more distant objects are higher) • Relative size (more distant objects are smaller)

  25. Depth Perception • Monocular Depth Cues • Relative clarity (objects in the distance appear hazy) • Overlap/interposition (continuous outlines appear closer)

  26. Depth Perception • Monocular Depth Cues • Texture gradient (texture details, like roughness, diminish with distance)

  27. Depth Perception • Monocular Depth Cues • Light and shadow

  28. How many can you identify here?

  29. Depth Perception • Monocular Depth Cue • Motion parallax (or relative motion) – Distant objects will appear slow in comparison with close objects even when the two are moving at the same speed • Think of an airplane traveling overhead. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OmK3rGk__I&NR=1

  30. Depth Perception • Binocular depth cues – require two eyes • Retinal disparity – the greater the difference between the images on your two retina, the closer the object (“camera 1, camera 2”, “finger sausage”, hole in the hand) • Convergence – the greater your eye muscles must strain (or converge) to focus on an object, the closer the object (notice how hard your eyes strain when you focus on the tip of your nose).

  31. Size-distance relationship When other monocular cues tell us an image is further away, it actually appears larger.

  32. Horizon Moon

  33. High moon on a clear night.

  34. Muller-Lyon IllusionWhich is longer?

  35. Muller-Lyon Illusion

  36. Perceptual Set

  37. Perceptual Set

  38. Perceptual Set

  39. Context Effects

  40. Extrasensory Perception • Telepathy – mind reading • Clairvoyance – perceiving remote events • Precognition – Knowing things before they happen • Telekinesis (psychokinesis) – moving objects with one’s mind (not technically ESP)

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