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Plant transport and nutrition

Plant transport and nutrition. Transport A. General B. Potentials C. Cell uptake II. Soil A. Composition B. Soil formation C. Soil types III. Water absorption IV. Water transport A. Bulk flow B. Transpiration C. Control of water loss D. Factors preventing transpiration

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Plant transport and nutrition

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  1. Plant transport and nutrition • Transport • A. General • B. Potentials • C. Cell uptake • II. Soil • A. Composition • B. Soil formation • C. Soil types • III. Water absorption • IV. Water transport • A. Bulk flow • B. Transpiration • C. Control of water loss • D. Factors preventing transpiration • V. Translocation through the phloem • A. Storage and transport forms of carbohydrates • B. Translocation • VI. Plant nutrition 7.8

  2. B I. Transport Ywater = Y= 0MPa • General • Potentials • Cell uptake Y = Ys + Yp Ys = osmotic potential Yp = pressure potential Water moves from less negative Y to more negative Y A 36.2 36.3

  3. 36.5 36.6 36.4 I. Transport Turgor pressure

  4. II. Soil A. Composition 1. Inorganic matter Rocks and minerals air Air and water 50% 2. Organic matter water Living dynamic equilibrium Dead

  5. B. Soil formation Decomposition Rocks and minerals: weathering End point: sand, silt, and clay Organic matter end point: humus (recalcitrant) horizons Big chunks into little chunks

  6. B. Soil formation Factors: Geology, Climate, Organisms, Topography, Time

  7. C. Soil types 1. Soil types 2. Soil particles: a. Sand and silt b. Clay c. humus Particle Size(mm) Shape Feel Charge Sand 2 – 0.2 chunky inert gritty Silt .2 - .002 chunky floury inert Clay < .002 ert (-) plates sticky Humus varies amorphous spongy ert (+/-) Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

  8. 37.6 III. Water and mineral absorption Cation exchange Examples of minerals absorbed: Ca2+; Mg2+; K+; P-; N-

  9. III. Water and mineral absorption Plasmodesmata

  10. IV. Water transport A. Bulk flow Tracheids Vessels

  11. 36.8 36.10 IV. Water transport Evapotranspiration

  12. IV. Water transport B. Transpiration Soil-plant-air continuum (SPAC) Adhesion-cohesion theory of water transport

  13. 36.11 IV. Water transport C. Control of transpiration D. Factors affecting water loss • humidity • health • soil moisture • clay content • CEC

  14. V. Translocation through the phloem A. Storage and transport forms of carbohydrates starch sucrose

  15. B. Translocation Source to sink pressure flow theory

  16. Summary

  17. VI. Plant nutrition A. Sources B. Macronutrients and micronutrients Nitrogen – vegetative growth Phosphorous – repro growth Air: CO2 /O2 Soil: /the rest H2O Macronutrients: NPK Mg Micronutrients: Fe Mo

  18. C. Nitrogen Red alder: Frankia 1. Most plants 2. Nitrogen fixation Legumes: Rhizobium

  19. N N 2. Nitrogen fixation nitrogenase

  20. 3. Carnivorous plants

  21. 4. Mycorrhizae a. endomycorrhizae 1. VA mycorrhizae 2. orchid 3. ericoid 4. monotropoid nitrogen Acid soils

  22. b. ectomycorrhizae Amanita chanterelle

  23. the end

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