If x is an observation from a roughly symmetric distribution that has

1. The Standard Normal Distribution x -  z =  66 - 72 -6 = = 8 8 If x is an observation from a roughly symmetric distribution that has mean  and standard deviation , then the standard value of x is : Note: A standardized score is often called a z-score. Example : Men’s IQ’s have a roughly symmetric distribution with a mean of 72 and a standard deviation of 8. What is the standard score for a man with an IQ of 66 ? z = - .75 Q: What percentage of people have a score below 66 ?

2. The Standard Normal Table Table A is a table of areas under the standard normal curve. The table entry for each z value is the area under the curve to the left of z

3. The Standard Normal Table Example : Imagine we have done an experiment, and we want to find what percentage of people fell under a score, namely x. We then proceed to find that the z-score for the value x is -1.10. .1357

4. The Standard Normal Table Example : The Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) are widely used to help predict the performance of applicants to graduate schools. The range of possible sores on a GRE is 200 to 900. The psychology department at a university finds the scores of its applicants on the quantitative GRE are approximately normal with mean  = 544 and standard deviation  = 103. Answer the following : 1) Find the percentage of people who scored 700 or higher on the test. 2) Find the percentage of people who scored below 500 on the test. 3) Find the percentage of people who scored between 500 and 800 on the test.

5. 1) Find the percentage of people who scored 700 or higher on the test. Find the percentage to the right of the 700 marker.

6. .9345 .0655 700 - 544 = 103 156 = 103 1) Find the percentage of people who scored 700 or higher on the test. Find the z-score : z = 1.51 Answer: 1 - .9345 = .0655

7. 2) Find the percentage of people who scored below 500 on the test. Find the percentage to the left of 500

8. 0.3336 500 - 544 = 103 - 44 = 103 2) Find the percentage of people who scored below 500 on the test. Find the z-score : z = - 0.43 Answer : 0.3336

9. 3) Find the percentage of people who scored between 500 and 800 on the test. Find the percentage between 500 and 800

10. - 0.43 z = Find the first z-score : z = Find the second z-score : 2.49 0.9936 800 - 544 500 - 544 0.3336 = = 103 103 - 44 256 = = 103 103 3) Find the percentage of people who scored between 500 and 800 on the test. Area = .9936 - .3336 = 0.66

11. How To Tell If The Data Is “Normal” 1) Line up the data from least to greatest. 2) Determine the mean and standard deviation. 3) If the 68 - 95 - 99.7 rule is close, then the data can be considered normal.

12. How To Tell If The Data Is “Normal” Example : 25 people were chosen at random and were asked their age. Is this data set roughly normal? 39 41 47 58 65 37 37 49 56 59 62 36 48 52 64 29 44 47 49 52 53 54 72 50 50 • The mean is 50 and the standard deviation is 10. • If this is normal, then 68 % will be within one standard deviation. • That means 68 % of the ages will be between 40 and 60. • The number of ages between 40 and 60 is : 16 ( This is 64 % ) • If this is normal, then 95 % will be within two standard deviations. • That means 95 % of the ages will be between 30 and 70. • The number of ages between 30 and 70 is : 23 ( This is 92 % ) • If this is normal, then 99.7 % will be within three standard deviations. • That means 99.7 % of the ages will be between 20 and 80. • The number of ages between 20 and 80 is : 25 ( This is 100 % )

13. Homework 92, 94, 98, 100, 104, 107