Chapter 19

1. Chapter 19 Drifting Toward Disunion

2. Harriet Beecher Stowe • Infamous book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin • “God wrote it” • Popular book in the North/Britain/France • It was a response to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

3. Bleeding Kansas • Popular Sovereignty becomes tested. • Northern Abolitionists settle in Kansas. • Southern pro-slavery are quick to react to the Northern “intruders”. Missouri residents flocked to vote in Kansas. • Election of 1855 • Deciding state legislature. • John Brown • Extreme abolitionist. • Used violence to make a statement about slavery. • Destroyed property, agriculture, lives.

4. Continued……….. • LeComptonConsitution • Southern response to the pro-abolitionist legislative. • Provision in the constitution that allows slave owners to remain in the state and continue slavery. • Pro-slavery constitution • President Buchanan approved the constitution. • Politically does not want to “rock the boat” for the Democrats. • Stephen Douglas • Against it, wanted “popular sovereignty ” to be pure as it was intended.

5. Bully Brooks • Massachusetts Senator, Charles Sumner. • Outspoken abolitionists spoke out against southern tactics in Kansas. • Insulted a senior Senator from South Carolina. • South Carolina Senator, Andrew Butler. • One of the best-liked members in the Senate. • South Carolina Senator, Preston Brooks • Distant cousin of Butler, Brooks felt compelled to defend his beloved state and cousin. • Beat Sumner with a cane until he was bleeding and unconscious. • The rest of the Senate just watched. • Sumner was forced to leave his Senate seat due to injuries.

6. Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857 • Case made its way all the way to the Supreme Court. • 1st time for a slave to appeal to the Supreme Court. • Slave for over 50 years, Dred Scott was owned by the Sanford family. His master was a doctor in Illinois. • Master also helped the army and took Dred Scott up to the Wisconsin territory. • After the death of the doctor, Dred sued for emancipation, due to the fact that he was taken out of a slave state and taken to a “free” territory. • Supreme Court favors doctor’s family and Dred Scott remains in slavery, along with his family.

7. Abraham Lincoln Emerges • Emerges as the hopeful candidate for the Republican party ticket for Senator of Illinois. • Unlikely candidate, but well-liked and came from common roots in Kentucky. • Became a well-known orator. • Layer by trade. • Wife, Mary Todd from wealthy family in Kentucky.

8. The Great debate • 7 debates between Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. • Douglas: Aggressive and confident. • Freeport Doctrine: Establishes the idea that ultimately the people should choose. Popular Sovereignty. • Lincoln: Uneasy but thoughtful. • Freeport, Illinois most noteworthy debate. • Ultimately, Lincoln loses the senate race. • Even though Douglas wins, he is political views are not as strong as his Democratic party believe they should be. He will have a difficult time running for president in later years.

9. John Brown (Murderer or Martyr?) • Extreme abolitionist called the slaves to revolt. • Establish a free black state. • Secured weapons & ammunition. • Harper’s Ferry, Virginia • Seized the federal arsenal in 1859, several people were killed. • John Brown was tried and convicted of murder and treason. • He was hung • The South worried that there were extreme Northerners willing to do harm to the South. • The North deplored Brown’s actions, however respected his passion and determination.