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↓ Appetite and food intake. Cardioprotection. ↓ Gastric emptying. ↑ G lucose uptake. ↓ Hepatic Glucose Production. ↑ Insulin synthesis and secretion. ↓ Glucagon production. ↑ β -cell growth, proliferation and survival ↓ β -cell apoptosis. Figure 1. DPP-4. GLP-1 (7-36).
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↓Appetite and food intake Cardioprotection ↓ Gastric emptying ↑ Glucose uptake ↓Hepatic Glucose Production ↑Insulin synthesis and secretion ↓Glucagon production ↑ β-cell growth, proliferation and survival ↓β-cell apoptosis Figure 1
DPP-4 GLP-1 (7-36) Biological actions ‘incretin effect’ DPP-4 inhibitors GLP-1R-independent actions GLP-1 (9-36) Figure 2
Sitagliptin Vildagliptin Alogliptin Saxagliptin Linagliptin Figure 3