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Warm-up questions

Warm-up questions. Why was the Battle of the Marne so important? What role did taxi’s play in the war effort? What was the immediate cause of WW1? Who was the assassin?. Map 25.3: The Eastern Front, 1914-1918. The Widening of the War. August 1914: Ottoman Empire enters the war

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Warm-up questions

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  1. Warm-up questions • Why was the Battle of the Marne so important? • What role did taxi’s play in the war effort? • What was the immediate cause of WW1? • Who was the assassin?

  2. Map 25.3: The Eastern Front, 1914-1918

  3. The Widening of the War • August 1914: Ottoman Empire enters the war • Battle of Gallipoli, April 1915 • May 1915: Italy enters the war against Austria-Hungary • September 1915: Bulgaria enters the war on the side of the Central Powers • Middle East • Lawrence of Arabia (1888-1935) • April 1917: Entry of the United States • The United States tried to remain neutral • Sinking of the Lusitania, May 7, 1915 • Return to unrestricted submarine warfare January 1917 • United States enters the war, April 6, 1917 • Bolshevik Revolution, 1917

  4. TheEasternFront

  5. Russians are winning at first • Russia starts having issues at home • Battle of Tanneburg • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Dec 1917) • Lenin took Russia out of the war but forced to give Germans ¼ of Russian territory

  6. Land given up in treaty

  7. Ottoman Empire • Gallipoli Campaign • British and Australian forces failed to take Dardanelles as a step toward taking Constantinople and defeating the Turks • Allies want to attack Dardanelles • Strait dividing Asia from Europe • Capture and conquer Ottoman Empire’s capital at Constantinople

  8. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

  9. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

  10. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

  11. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

  12. OCEAN FRONT

  13. Germany Starts Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Germans take out an add to stop Americans from coming to Europe via Boat

  14. British Blockade Attempts to starve out the Germans

  15. The Sinking of the Lusitania

  16. US ENTERS • Lusitania – May 7, 1915 • British Ocean Liner • From New York - Liverpool • Sank in 18 minutes • 1,195 lost • 1,959 on board • 128 Americans • Off the Coast of Ireland • One torpedo • Two Explosions???

  17. NOTICE! Travellers intending to embark on the Atlantic voyage are reminded that a state of war exists between Germany and her allies and Great Britain and her allies; that the zone of war includes the waters adjacent to the British Isles; that, in accordance with formal notice given by the Imperial German Government, vessels flying the flag of Great Britain, or any of her allies, are liable to destruction in those waters and that travellers sailing in the war zone on ships of Great Britain or her allies do so at their own risk. IMPERIAL GERMAN EMBASSY WASHINGTON, D.C., APRIL 22, 1915.

  18. US ENTERS • “He kept us out of War” • Re-elected 1916 • Zimmerman Telegram – Jan. 16, 1917 • German Ambassador • Telegram German Ambassador in Mexico • March 1 – published US • April 6 - declaration

  19. The Zimmerman Telegram

  20. The YanksAre Coming! The Main Reason we enter the war is due to Germany’s Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

  21. Americans in the Trenches

  22. The Home Front: The Impact of Total War • Government Centralization • Conscription • Draft huge numbers of Men • Effects on Economies • Public Order and Public Opinion • Dealing with unrest • Defense of the Realm Act • Propaganda • Social Impact of Total War • Labor benefits • New roles for women • Male concern over wages • Women began to demand equal pay • Gains for women

  23. Total War

  24. Total War • Involve everyone in civilian population • Propaganda machines in full force • Dehumanize the enemy • News is Censored • Mass Conscription

  25. Posters

  26. Posters

  27. Posters

  28. Posters

  29. Posters

  30. Economic efforts at home • Economic production was totally refocused on war effort • Examples • Battle of Verdun more projectiles used than every single war prior • In one battle • 1917 a 19 day artillery shelling • Used up all of the shells carried by 321 trains • Output of 55,000 factory workers who worked for a year.

  31. Leaders of Industrial Transition • Walter Rathenau • Jewish German industrialist • Sets up War Raw Materials Board • Ration / distributes everything • Creates synthetics • Recycle • Beat the British Blockade • States socialism is a viable economic blueprint for a society

  32. Auxiliary Service law • 1916 • All German Men 17-60 had to work in jobs crucial to the war effort

  33. Womenand theWarEffort

  34. Women replaced male factory workers who were now fighting in the war • 43% of labor force in Russia • Changing attitudes of women resulted in increased rights after the war in – Britain, Germany, Austria and U.S.

  35. Financing the War

  36. For Recruitment

  37. Munitions Workers

  38. French Women Factory Workers

  39. German Women Factory Workers

  40. Working in the Fields

  41. A Woman Ambulance Driver

  42. Red Cross Nurses

  43. Women in the Army Auxiliary

  44. Russian Women Soldiers

  45. Rationing of food and scarce commodities was instituted • People financed the war by buying WAR BONDS • Each side tries to “starve out” the other side

  46. Spies • “Mata Hari” • Real Name:MargareethaGeertruideZelle • German Spy!

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