Providing First Aid

1. Providing First Aid Health Chapter 28

2. Responding to an Emergency • Check, Call and Care • Check: Check the scene for danger. Be alert of spilled chemicals, traffic, fire, smoke, downed electrical lines ect. • Call: Call 911. Answer all questions, and if possible have someone else call if you’re providing emergency assistance. Make sure you point to someone specifically to call.

3. Responding to an Emergency (2) • Care: • 1. If possible ask the person for permission to help. • 2. Take care of unconscious people first. • 3. Ask if they are okay. • Check for breathing.

4. First Aid • 1. Put gloves on. • 2. Wash mild wounds with soap and water. • To control Bleeding: • 1. cover wound with clean cloth and press firmly with pressure. • 2. elevate above heart if possible. • Call for help.

5. Treating Burns • Turn to page 741. • First Degree Burn: Outer layer burnt. • 1. Pour cool water on it for ten minutes, and then dry with towel, and put a sterile bandage on it. • Second Degree: Skin will blister. • 1. Cool with cold water. Elevate the burned area, Wrap loosely with a sterile bandage, do not pop or peel skin, go to the hospital.

6. Treating Burns (2) • Third Degree Burn: Deeper layer of skin, possibly fat, muscle, nerves or bone are burnt. • 1. Call 911 immediately. • 2. cool down with cold water. • 3. Cover the area with dressing or clean cloth.

7. Life Threatening Emergencies • First you begin the chain of survival: • For an Adult: • 1. call 911 • Check for Breathing • 2. Begin CPR (if no breathing) • 3. Early Defibrillation (AED) • 4. Transfer to advanced care. (keep heart beating until EMS arrives.

8. ABC’s of Adult CPR • CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. • A= Open Airway • 1. Remove any foreign objects, put hand on forehead, lift chin.

9. CPR Adult (2) • B= Breathing • 1. Look, Listen and feel for breathing. • 2. Pinch nose, put mouth over victims mouth, give two slow breaths, each about 2 seconds. Victims chest should rise.

10. CPR Adult (3) • C= Circulation • 1. if still not breathing place hands between nipples. Put heal of hand on the breast bone, and interlock fingers. • 2. Position body above arms, arms straight, elbows locked. • 3. Give 15 compressions to every 2 rescue breaths, continue for 4 cycles (1 minute) and check for breathing.

11. CPR Adult (4) • 4. If the victim responds stop compressions. • 5. If the victim moves or coughs but still is not breathing continue with a 1 to 5 ratio. • 6. If the victim starts to breath turn them on their side and wait for EMS.

12. ABC’s for Child • A= Open Airway • 1. Remove any foreign objects, put hand on forehead, lift chin.

13. ABC’s for Child/Infant (2) • B= Breathing • 1. Look, Listen and feel for breathing. • 2. Pinch nose put mouth over victims mouth, give two slow breaths, each breath about 1 to 1 and a half seconds. Victims chest should rise.

14. ABC’s for Child (3) • C= Circulation • 1. if still not breathing place 1 hand on forehead and the heal of the other hand on breast bone. • 2. Position body above arm, arm straight, elbow locked. Tilt forehead and plug nose with same hand. • 3. Give 5 compressions to every 1 rescue breaths, continue for 20 cycles (1 minute) and check for breathing.

15. ABC’s for Child (4) • 4. If the victim responds stop compressions. • 5. If the victim moves or coughs but still is not breathing continue with a 1 to 3 ratio.

16. ABC’s for Infant • A= Open Airway • 1. Remove any foreign objects, put hand on forehead, lift chin.

17. ABC’s for Infant (2) • B= Breathing • 1. Look, Listen and feel for breathing. • 2.Put mouth over both the mouth and nose, give two slow breaths, each breath about 1 to 1 and a half seconds. Victims chest should rise.

18. ABC’s for Infant (3) • C= Circulation • 1. if still not breathing place 1 hand on forehead and 2 to 3 fingers of the other hand on breast bone. • 2. Position body above arm, arm straight, elbow locked. Tilt forehead and plug nose with same hand. • 3. Give 5 compressions to every 1 rescue breaths, continue for 20 cycles (1 minute) and check for breathing.

19. ABC’s for Infant (4) • 4. If the victim responds stop compressions. • 5. If the victim moves or coughs but still is not breathing continue with a 1 to 3 ratio.

20. First Aid Choking • If they are coughing encourage them to keep coughing. • If they cannot talk and are turning blue, place fist between bellybutton and breast bone. Reach around victim and place other hand over fist. Pull hand inward and upward until obstruction is gone.

21. First Aid Choking for infant. • If the Baby is not breathing turn the baby over (downward) supporting head and neck with hand, and give the baby five blows with the heal of your hand between the should blades. If not dislodged give 5 chest thrusts. Now alternate for one minute. If still is not out, then perform CPR phone 911.

22. Sprains and Strains • RICE • R= Rest • Avoid movements that use the injured muscle or joint. • I= Ice • Put ice cubes in ziplock, wrap towel around it, ice 20 min on 20 min off for 72 hours.

23. RICE • C= Compression • Light pressure from wrap may reduce swelling. • E= Elevate • Rise affected limb over heart to help pain and swelling.

24. Other Treatments • Nose Bleed: apply pressure lean forward not backward. Breath through mouth. • Object in eye: Do not rub eye, try to blink, if this doesn’t work, have a friend look to see if they see it. Take a moist cotton swab to get it out. If you cannot see it, then flush it out with cool water.