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FIRST AID

FIRST AID. First Aid Basics. First Aid – Immediate care that you give someone with an illness or injury before trained help arrives. Duty to Act – You have the choice of whether or not to stop and help. You have the Duty to give the level of care that you learn from this unit.

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FIRST AID

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  1. FIRST AID

  2. First Aid Basics • First Aid – • Immediate care that you give someone with an illness or injury before trained help arrives. • Duty to Act – • You have the choice of whether or not to stop and help. • You have the Duty to give the level of care that you learn from this unit. • You have the legal responsibility to act the way a reasonable person with your level of training would act.

  3. Victim and Rescuer Safety • As you approach the scene think about the following. • Is there any danger for the rescuer? • Is there any danger for the victim? • Are there other people around who can help? • Where is the nearest telephone/cell phone? • How many people are injured? • How were they injured? • What is your location?

  4. Steps to find the problem • Always make sure the scene is safe. • Check for responsiveness. (Shake and Shout) • If the victim is awake. • Ask permission to help. • Ask what the problem is • If the victim is not responsive. • Call (or send someone to call) 911 and get your first aid kit and AED.

  5. Open Airway with a Head tilt-Chin lift. • Check for Breathing • Look • Listen • Feel • Look For Obvious signs of injury • Such as • Bleeding • Broken Bones • Burns • Bites • Look for medical information jewelry

  6. MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

  7. Choking • Ask “Are you choking?” If the victim nods tell them you are going to help. • Stand firmly behind and wrap hands around front. • Make a fist with one hand. • Place thumb side of fist slightly above naval and well below breastbone. • Grasp fist with other hand. • Give upward thrusts until object is forced out and victim can breathe or talk (or stops responding).

  8. Allergic Reactions Mild Allergic Reaction Bad Allergic Reaction • Stuffy nose, sneezing, and itching around the eyes. • Itching of skin • Raised red rash on the skin (hives) • Trouble breathing • Swelling of the tongue and face • Fainting

  9. Actions • Make sure the scene is safe • Phone 911 • If the victim responds and has epinephrine pen, help victim get it and ask them to use it • If the victim stops responding start CPR • If possible save a sample of what caused the reaction.

  10. Diabetes and Low Blood Sugar • Signs of Low Blood Sugar • A change in behavior such as confusion or irritability • Sleepiness or even not responding • Hunger, thirst, or weakness • Sweating, pale skin color • A Seizure

  11. What to do… If the victim can sit up and swallow – • Give them something containing sugar to eat or drink. • Have the victim sit quietly or lie down. • If the victim doesn’t feel better after a while, call 911. If Not – • Call 911 immediately and start CPR

  12. SEIZURES Signs and Symptoms • Loss of muscle control • Fall to the ground • Jerking movements of the arms and legs • Stop responding

  13. Actions for a Seizure • Protect the victim from injury by: • Moving furniture or other objects • Placing a pad or towel under the victims head • Phone or have someone phone 911 • After the seizure check for breathing • If not start CPR • Rescue position if there are no head, neck, or spine injuries. • Stay with victim • Do Not Attempt to put something in the victims mouth.

  14. Shock Shock develops when there is not enough blood flowing to the cells of the body Signs: loss of a lot of blood feel weak, faint, dizzy, pale or grayish skin, acts restless or confused, cold/clammy to touch

  15. ACTIONS for Shock Help victim lie on back If no leg injury, raise victim’s legs just above level of heart Use pressure to stop any bleeding Cover victim to keep them warm

  16. Bleeding you can see Wounds Bleeding you can’t see Head & Spine Injuries Burns & Electrocution Injury Emergencies

  17. ACTIONS: Injuries you can see Make sure scene is safe for you Call 911 and get First Aid kit Put on protective equipment Wash wound well if possible Stop bleeding with pressure Apply a dressing or bandage to the wound Check for signs of shock **If nose bleed, keep victim leaning forward with pressure on nose **If tongue, keep victim’s airway open, leaning forward

  18. ACTIONS: Injuries you can’t see Examples: head/spine injuries, internal bleeding, broken bones & sprains Make sure scene is safe for you Call 911 Have victim lie down and keep still Put a plastic bag full of ice on injury (if necessary) Check for signs of shock If victim stops responding, start CPR

  19. ACTIONS: Burns and Electrocution Make sure scene if safe for you Call 911 if necessary If burn area is small, cool immediately with cold water (not ice) Cover burn with dry, nonstick clean dressing Check for signs of shock

  20. Environmental Emergencies Animal/insect bites and stings Temperature related emergencies Poison emergencies

  21. Bites & Stings ACTIONS: snakes, bees, spiders, animals Make sure scene is safe for you Call 911 if necessary Put on protective equipment Tell victim not to move injured part Gently wash wound with water Cover with clean dressing and apply pressure Watch for allergic reaction

  22. Temperature: Heat Related Signs Muscle cramps Headache Nausea Weakness Dizziness Confusion Vomiting Red & hot, but stopped sweating Shallow breathing

  23. ACTIONS for Heat Call 911 Move victim to a cool or shady area Loosen tight clothing Sponge or spay victim with cool watch and fan victim (not ice water) If victim stops responding, start CPR

  24. Cold Related Signs Frostbite – Skin is white, waxy, grayish-yellow Area is cold and numb Area is hard, skin does not move when you touch it Hypothermia – Skin is cool to touch, ice cold, or blue Shivering Confusion, change in personality, maybe sleepy Muscles become stiff and rigid

  25. ACTIONS for Cold Related Get victim out of cold Call 911 Remove wet clothing and pat victim dry. Cover with dry clothes or blanket Cover head with dry blankets/towels, but not face If victim stops responding, start CPR

  26. Poison ACTIONS: Make sure scene is safe for you Put on protective equipment If victim does not respond, call 911 If victim does respond, call Poison Control Center Remove poison from victim’s skin and clothing if you can do it safely (ie, remove clothing, shower, running water) Try identify the poison Check for signs of allergic reaction

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