British Imperialism in India

1. British Imperialism in India

2. Vasco de Gama--1498 • “A lucky adventure, a lucky venture!” • “Plenty of rubies, plenty of emeralds.” • Quotes to de Gama from a Muslim trader • Got the attention of Europe!

3. An English baby girl being carried by Indian bearers. Photograph dated 1904.

4. English woman in Rickshaw, photograph from South India, 1895.

5. British prize agents at work.

6. Why were the British in India? • TRADE • Roots of British Colonialism • Western European countries establish trade routes • Decline of princes rule & rise of European industrialization = European takeover • British forced French out of India (1760s) • East India Company gained control

7. East India Company Rule • Robert Clive • Led forces to success over French • Won control from wealthy Indian states • Forced Indians to sign treaties giving power to British • Collected Taxes • Set law code • Set court system

9. British Rule • Outlawed ritual suicide by widows • Forced to pay high taxes • Promoted Christianity • Took land away • Religious taboos in the military

10. How do you think Indians reacted to British Rule?

11. Sepoy Rebellion • Sepoy – Indian troops in British Army • Revolt that resulted from the changes made by the British Army • Army introduced new type of weapon (Lee-Enfield) • Loading involved biting the end of the cartridge, which was thought to be grease with pig and beef fat (in reality it wasn’t) • Both are forbidden to most Hindus and Muslims • New Law called for Indians to fight over seas

12. Indian Soldiers Being Executed by British CanonsThe aftermath of India's First War of Independence, 1858

13. Was the Sepoy Rebellion a mutiny or the First War of Independence?

14. A British Colony After savage acts on both sides, the British finally put down the rebellion – More changes • Direct Rule • British Style Education • New Law System • British Officers were put in charge of Indian military • Limited Indian owned Industries • Took control of farms, mines, and factories • Indians were forced to buy British goods • Indians were forced to grow cash crops to get money • Lack of food led to frequent famines

15. Improved roads Built railroads and telegraph systems Improved healthcare and sanitary conditions Sent supplies to impoverished areas Set up schools Technology increased control Decline in Indian made goods Imported British goods Cash crops = famine Stressed English culture in schools Were the effects of British Rule mostly positive or negative?

16. Founded in 1885 Established to bring gradual, peaceful change to India During WWI Indian Nationalists increased their demands for independence British responded by censoring press Indians protested and killed 5 British Officials Public gathering were banned April 13, 1919-Amritsar Massacre (peaceful protest turned violent—379 Indians died) Gandhi took leadership of the INC in 1920 and restores their nonviolent ideals. Indian National Congress

17. Founded in 1906 Leader – Muhammad Ali Jinnah Distrust and tensions kept Hindus & Muslims apart Safe guard Muslim interests Combat growing influence of INC 1930s – called for Independent Muslim State Muslim League

18. List 1 Goal for Hindus & 1 Goal for Muslim Nationalists Share with partner