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SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 234-263)

SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 234-263). REGIONS OF THE REALM. NORTH COLOMBIA VENEZUELA GUYANA SURINAME FRENCH GUIANA. BRAZIL. WEST PERU ECUADOR BOLIVIA. SOUTH ARGENTINA CHILE URUGUAY PARAGUAY. THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA). THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA).

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SOUTH AMERICA II (CHAPTER 5: 234-263)

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  1. SOUTH AMERICA II(CHAPTER 5: 234-263)

  2. REGIONS OF THE REALM • NORTH • COLOMBIA • VENEZUELA • GUYANA • SURINAME • FRENCH GUIANA BRAZIL • WEST • PERU • ECUADOR • BOLIVIA • SOUTH • ARGENTINA • CHILE • URUGUAY • PARAGUAY

  3. THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA)

  4. THE NORTH (CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA) • VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, GUYANA, SURINAME, FRENCH GUIANA • REGIONAL CHARACTER: COASTAL LOCATIONS, EARLY EUROPEAN PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT, FORCED MIGRATION OF BLACK LABORERS • VENEZUELA – 26.1 MILLION PEOPLE • OIL FROM LAKE MARACAIBO IS CHIEF RESOURCE • CARACUS & VALENCIA - KEY CITIES

  5. CARIBBEAN SOUTH AMERICA(CONTINUED) • COLOMBIA – 45.2 MILLION PEOPLE • COFFEE, OIL & COAL - MAJOR EXPORTS • COCAINE - LEADING ECONOMIC ACTIVITY • TORN BY INTERNAL VIOLENCE • BOGOTA & MEDELLIN - KEY CITIES • THE GUIANAS (FRENCH GUIANA, GUYANA, SURINAME) - POPULATIONS< 1.5 MILLION • ETHNICALLY DIVERSE • POVERTY STRICKEN • FACE ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS

  6. THE WEST (ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA)

  7. THE WEST(ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA) • PERU, ECUADOR, BOLIVIA • REGIONAL CHARACTER: AMERINDIAN POPULATIONS, SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, MOUNTAINOUS ENVIRONMENTS, POVERTY • PERU – 27.7 MILLION PEOPLE • LIMA IS ITS PRIMATE CITY • ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES - FISHING, IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE, SUGAR, COTTON, RICE, FRUIT, OIL, MINERALS (AN EMERGING ECONOMY!)

  8. ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA(CONTINUED) • ECUADOR- 13.6 MILLION PEOPLE • MAIN EXPORTS: OIL, COFFEE, CACAO, BANANAS • GUAYAQUIL - LARGEST CITY AND COMMERCIAL CENTER • QUITO - CAPITAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER • BOLIVIA– 9.2 MILLION PEOPLE (DISPERSED) • LANDLOCKED • MAIN EXPORTS: TIN AND ZINC

  9. THE SOUTH (SOUTHERN CONE)

  10. THE SOUTH(MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA) • THE SOUTHERN CONE: ARGENTINA, CHILE, PARAGUAY, URUGUAY • HEART OF EUROPEAN-COMMERCIAL CULTURE SPHERE • ARGENTINA- 37.3 MILLION PEOPLE • 90% URBANIZED, PERIPHERAL • BUENOS AIRES - A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY • EXPORTS: CEREALS, MEATS, VEGETABLE OILS

  11. THE SOUTH:MID-LATITUDE SOUTH AMERICA(CONTINUED) • URUGUAY - 3.4 MILLION PEOPLE • MONTEVIDEO - CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY • MOST EUROPEAN OF SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES • EXPORTS: HIDES, MEATS,TEXTILES • PARAGUAY – 6.3 MILLION • 95% MESTIZO • LANDLOCKED LOCATION • CHILE – 16 MILLION • AN “ELONGATED STATE” • EXPORTS: COPPER AND NITRATES

  12. BRAZIL • SOUTH AMERICA’S GIANT • WORLD RANKINGS • POPULATION SIZE - 5TH • TERRITORY - 5TH • ECONOMY - 8TH • INDUSTRIAL BASE - 7TH

  13. BRAZIL • CONTAINS HALF THE CONTINENT’S LAND AND PEOPLE • A FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF 26 STATES • ETHNIC DIVERSITY - MIXTURE OF EUROPEAN, AFRICAN, AND AMERINDIAN PEOPLES • PORTUGUESE - SPEAKING & ROMAN CATHOLIC ADHERENTS • SUBSTANTIAL MINERAL RESOURCES: IRON, ALUMINUM ORE, MANGANESE, OIL, AND GAS

  14. A TWO CLASS SYSTEM? • GNP PER CAPITA-$7,300 • LARGEST INCOME GAP IN THE REALM • WEALTHIEST 10% OF THE POPULATION... • OWN 2/3 OF THE LAND • CONTROL OVER 50% OF THE COUNTRY’S WEALTH • POVERTY HAS INCREASED BY 50% SINCE 1980

  15. BRAZIL(CONTINUED) • GREAT CITIES • RIO DE JANEIRO - CULTURAL FOCUS • SAO PAULO - INDUSTRIAL HUB • BRASILIA - A “FORWARD CAPITAL” • DEVELOPING THE AMAZON • “GROWTH POLE” CONCEPT • ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

  16. FORWARD CAPITAL • CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED IN A CONTESTED OR POTENTIALLY CONTESTED TERRITORY • USUALLY NEAR AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER • CONFIRMS THE STATE’S DETERMINATION TO MAINTAIN ITS PRESENCE IN THE TERRITORY UNDER CONTENTION • ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA • ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN • BRASILIA, BRAZIL (INTERNAL FRONTIER – “GROWTH POLE CONCEPT”)

  17. FORWARD CAPITAL - BRASILIA • IS THE CAPITAL CITY POSITIONED IN A CONTESTED OR POTENTIALLY CONTESTED TERRITORY? • IS IT NEAR AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER? • DOES IT CONFIRM THE STATE’S INTENT TO MAINTAIN ITS PRESENCE IN THE TERRITORY UNDER CONTENTION?

  18. GROWTH POLE THEORY • AIMS TO PROMOTE GROWTH IN THE HINTERLANDS • AUGMENTED BY INVESTMENT SUPPORT IN AN ATTEMPT TO SPREAD ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND BENEFITS • CREATE JOBS IN DEPRESSED AREAS • REDUCE UNEVEN CONCENTRATIONS OF WEALTH • DECENTRALIZE INDUSTRY • SETS OFF “RIPPLES” OF DEVELOPMENT

  19. SAO PAULO • STATUS OF SEPARATE STATE BECAUSE OF ITS SUCCESS • LEADING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCER • AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND EXPANSION • COFFEE • ORANGE JUICE • SOYBEANS

  20. SAO PAULO’S SUCCESS STORY • FAZENDAS • REVENUES • IMMIGRATION • SKILLED LABOR • RELATIVE LOCATION • ORES FROM MINAS GERAIS • HYDROELECTRIC POWER • PORT OF SANTOS

  21. SOUTH AMERICA II(CHAPTER 5: 234-263)

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