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GEORGE WASHINGTON 1789-1797. GEORGE WASHINGTON. FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 1 st term coincided with the end of the French Revolution France goes to war with European countries Asks America for help Americans support French cause, especially Jefferson Washington issues Proclamation of Neutrality.
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FOREIGN AFFAIRS • 1st term coincided with the end of the French Revolution • France goes to war with European countries • Asks America for help • Americans support French cause, especially Jefferson • Washington issues Proclamation of Neutrality
FOREIGN AFFAIRS • British stopping American ships taking goods and impressment of sailors • Washington sends Chief Justice John Jay to England • Year of negotiation • Jay’s Treaty 1794 • British agreed to evacuate posts on the western frontier • Set exact amount of money owed to British merchants • Said nothing about the ships • Seen as a failure
FOREIGN AFFAIRS • Seeing Jay’s Treaty as an alliance between England & US, Spain gets nervous • Closes the Mississippi River and New Orleans • Thomas Pickney-US ambassador to Spain negotiates treaty • Pickney’s Treaty • Reopens the river & port
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • 1794-Farmers in Pennsylvania upset over federal excise tax on Whiskey • Refuse to pay, attack tax collectors • Washington leads 15,000 troops • Rebellion collapses • First test-shows power of new federal government
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Washington creates group of advisors called the “Cabinet” • Treasury-Alexander Hamilton • State-Thomas Jefferson • War-Henry Knox • Justice-Edmund Randolph
POLITICAL PARTIES • Country divided over Hamilton’s financial program • Creation of first political parties • Federalists • Alexander Hamilton & John Adams • Loose interpretation of Constitution • Pro-British • Strong Federal government • Supported in New England, businessmen, large landowners
POLITICAL PARTIES • Democratic-Republicans • Thomas Jefferson & James Madison • Strict interpretation of Constitution • Pro-France • Strong state governments, opposed financial plan • Supported by “common” man; workers, small farmers, south and west
FAREWELL ADDRESS • 1796-Washington announces he will not run for a 3rd term • Sets precedent for two term tradition • Gives a speech printed in every newspaper • Warns against • European Alliances • Political parties • Sectionalism
ELECTION OF 1796 • Federalists-John Adams • Democratic-Republicans-Thomas Jefferson • Adams wins by 3 electoral votes • Thomas Jefferson became vice president
French begin seizing American ships & sailors Adams sends 3 men to negotiate treaty French officials want money, Americans refuse French officials don’t give names-only known as X, Y, Z Americans want war Adams continues negotiations FOREIGN AFFAIRS
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Public anger against France strengthen Federalists in Congress • Adopted laws to restrict Democratic-Republicans • Naturalization Act-increased the years required for immigrants to qualify for citizenship • Alien Acts-Authorized the president to deport any Aliens considered “dangerous” • Sedition Acts-made it illegal to criticize either the president or Congress
DOMESTIC AFFAIRS • Democratic-Republicans argue violates rights of speech and press • The Virginia legislature (supported by Madison) and the Kentucky legislature (supported by Jefferson) write resolution • 1799-states had entered into a contract with the federal government. If contract broke, then states can declare Acts unconstitutional
ELECTION OF 1800 • Federalists-John Adams • Democratic-Republicans-Thomas Jefferson & Aaron Burr • No one receives majority of electoral votes • House of Representatives decides • Hamilton urges Federalists to vote for Jefferson (less dangerous than Burr)
