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Early Inventions in the British Textile Industry

Early Inventions in the British Textile Industry. Charles “Turnip” Townshend. Robert Bakewell, Selective Breeding. 1710- 370 lbs 30 lbs 1800- 769 lbs 80 lbs. The Industrial Revolution.

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Early Inventions in the British Textile Industry

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  1. Early Inventions in the British Textile Industry

  2. Charles “Turnip” Townshend

  3. Robert Bakewell, Selective Breeding 1710- 370 lbs 30 lbs 1800- 769 lbs 80 lbs

  4. The Industrial Revolution... The shift from an agrarian, hand-made, labor-intensive economy to a machine-made, labor-specialization economy. 1750 in England

  5. Industrial Revolution in perspective: • Transformation of every facet of society; • Accelerated the pace of modernization • Increased the size and importance of the middle class • Created a new-”working” class • Became a force for democracy • Hastened the secularization of European life • Changed the geography of global interaction • Made possible the highest standard of living in human history

  6. A traditional spinning wheel

  7. The “putting-out” system- early capitalism

  8. The Gallant Weaver, by Robert Burns Where Cart rins flow in tae the sea,        By many a flow'r and shading tree,        There lives a lad, the lad for me,        He is a gallant weaver.        Oh I had wooers ought of nine,        That gied me rings and ribbons fine,        But I was fear'd my heart wad tine,        And I gie'd it tae the weaver.       My daddie sign'd my tocher band,       To gi'e the lad that has the land,       But tae my heart I'll add my hand,       And gie'd it to the weaver.       While birds rejoice in leafy bow'rs,       While bees delight in opening flow'rs,       While corn grows green in summer show'rs,       I'll love my gallant weaver.

  9. John Kay’sFlying Shuttle, 1733- doubled the speading of weaving thread, resulting in “the Yarn Famine”

  10. 1764...James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny, - 8 spools of thread from one wheel!

  11. Richard Awkright’s Water Frame, 1769 A system of rollers driven by water which spun firmer and finer thread on 100 spools Awkright is known as “the Father of the Factory System.”

  12. Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule, 1779 Combined the spinning jenny and the water frame from to make the Spinning Mule

  13. James Watt’s Steam Engine, 1781

  14. Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom, 1785 Adapted the spinning mule to steam power allowing 200 spools of thread to be spun automatically, with little human interaction

  15. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1793 50 lbs of cleaned cotton daily 1780-9 million bushels of cotton imported to England 1835-21 million bushels

  16. One small boy could watch over 2 power looms whose output was 15x greater than a skilled handloom weaver

  17. Factory towns spread all over England: Manchester became the cotton capital of the world

  18. Luddites – displaced weavers rebelled in 1811- angry over their loss of jobs, they attacked and destroyed textile machines throughout England

  19. Robert Fulton’s Clermont, 1807

  20. George Stephenson’s Rocket, 1825

  21. In summary… • Technological advances in textiles • Steam power • The new iron age- steel • Transportation and communication • Incorporation • Urbanization • The working class • Relief and reform

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