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Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Disease. In African American Women. By: Tove Freeman & Van Williams. What is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?. “ Cardiovascular Disease is an abnormal function of the heart involving the narrowing or blocking of blood vessels. ” - Cardiovascular Disease Foundation (figure 7).

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Cardiovascular Disease

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  1. Cardiovascular Disease In African American Women By: Tove Freeman & Van Williams

  2. What is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)? “ Cardiovascular Disease is an abnormal function of the heart involving the narrowing or blocking of blood vessels.” - Cardiovascular Disease Foundation (figure 7)

  3. CVD in Massachusetts What is a health disparity? * Health disparity = when an incident of a disease is not equal to the general population. How is CVD a health disparity? * CVD is the #1 killer of women in Massachusetts, especially in the African American community.

  4. Why is CVD a disparity?

  5. CVD & Women • Women are less likely to: • be screened for cholesterol or offered cholesterol lowering medications. • receive therapies like heparin, beta blockers or use aspirin. • be referred for cardiac rehabilitation • Different diagnostic tools: • Treadmill stress tests can yield both false positive and false negative caused by hormones • Nuclear stress testing, the breasts can compromise the images of the heart

  6. Symptoms of CVD • Chest Pain/ Chest Discomfort • Pain in one or both arms, left shoulder, neck jaw, or back. • Shortness of breath • Dizziness • Faster heart beats • Nausea • Abnormal heart beats • Fatigue

  7. Obesity Obesity in Massachusetts in 2002 • African American adults are more likely than any other race/ethnicity to be overweight, significantly increasing their risk of cardiovascular disease. • About four out of five African American women are overweight or obese. Source: Brigham and Womens Hospital (figure 1) Source: Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (MABRFSS), 2007 (figure 2)

  8. Physical Inactivity Reported Exercise in MA Adults in 2002 • Exercise is less prevalent in the African American and Hispanic populations. • Less active, less fit people have a 30-50 percent greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Source: Brigham and Womens Hospital (figure 3)

  9. DIABETES • Massachusetts’ African Americans are 3.2 times more likely to have diabetes than Caucasians. • Approximately 11.4% of all African Americans in MA aged 20 years or older have diabetes. • Adults with diabetes are 2-4 times as likely to die of heart disease than those without diabetes Source: Massachusetts Department of Public Health (BRFSS) (figure 4) Brigham and Womens Hospital (figure 5)

  10. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) • Adults with hypertension are up to 4 times more likely to develop CVD. • African Americans are less likely to have controlled hypertension, with African American women being the least likely. • High blood pressure is more likely to occur at a younger age in the African American population. Source: Brigham and Womens Hospital (figure 6)

  11. High Cholesterol • Too much cholesterol in your blood clogs arteries, causing atherosclerosis thus blood flow to the heart muscle is slowed down or blocked. • 10% decrease in cholesterol may reduce the incidence of CVD by 30%

  12. Lets Recap…

  13. 16 Works Cited -" Brigham And Women's Hospital - A Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School ." Brigham And Women's Hospital - A Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School . N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2011. <http://www.brighamandwomens.org>. (Figure 1,3,5,6)
 
-"Cardiovascular Disease Foundation." Cardiovascular Disease Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2011. <http://www.cvdf.org/>. 
-"Research Activities, April 2011: Disparities/Minority Health: Blacks Less Likely Than Whites to Use Either Statins or Aspirin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease." Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 July 2011. <http://www.ahrq.gov/research/ (figure 4) "Cardiovascular - PubMed Health." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p (figure 7) "Modified Fat Diet Key to Lowering Heart Disease Risk." Cardiovascular Disease Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011. <http://www.cvdf.org/articletext.aspx?ARTID=352>. (figure 2)

  14. 17 Works Cited • "CDC - DHDSP - National Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program - Massachusetts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/programs/nhdsp_program/ma.htm>. • "Framingham Heart Study." Framingham Heart Study. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2011. <http://www.framinghamheartst • "Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA." Massachusetts General Hospital Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011. <http://www.massgeneral.org/heartcenter/treatmentprograms.aspx?id=1012>. • "Heart disease - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease/DS01120>. • "Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Cardiov... [JAMA. 2007] - PubMed result." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17405972?dopt=Abstract>.

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