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WMO-FAO Training Workshop on GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Agricultural Meteorology for the SADC Countries Gab

WMO-FAO Training Workshop on GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Agricultural Meteorology for the SADC Countries Gaborone , Botswana, 14-18 November 2005. FAO tools to support food-security activities: AgroMetShell, LocClim, WinDisp. Michele Bernardi

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WMO-FAO Training Workshop on GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Agricultural Meteorology for the SADC Countries Gab

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  1. WMO-FAO Training Workshop onGIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Agricultural Meteorology for the SADC CountriesGaborone, Botswana, 14-18 November 2005 FAO tools to support food-security activities: AgroMetShell, LocClim, WinDisp Michele Bernardi Environment and Natural Resources Service Research, Training and Extension Division Sustainable Development Department FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  2. Outline • About • Background on Food Security • Needs for Food Security Information • Structure of FSIEWS • Agmet Component of FSIEWS • FAO Agmet Unit • FSIEWS and Agmet Component Users’ Needs • FAO’s Agmet Unit approach • AgroMetShell • New_LocClim • WinDisp FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  3. % undernourished < 2.5 2.5–5 5–20 20–35 >35 Global food insecurity situation 800 millions undernourished people FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  4. Definition of food security • The following definition of food security was adopted unanimously at the World Food Summit (October 1996): “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” (Plan of Action, paragraph 1) • This definition is in keeping with the three classic aspects of food security: availability of staple foods, stability of supplies and access for all to these supplies; but it also contains the idea of adapted food, what is known as the “biological utilization” of food. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  5. Needs for food security information • Forecasting must be applied to availability, stability, access and biological utilization, giving decision-makers enough time to react to the warning, but with a high enough degree of reliability (as a general rule the more long-term the forecasts the less reliable they are) to avoid false alarms. All forecasts have a probability rating, which gives a good idea of its reliability. • Forecasting techniques are generally based on information gained from monitoring the situation using: • Trend analyses (e.g. prices going to continue rising in the coming months?); • Indirect indicators (e.g. agro-meteorological data); • Multiple indicators (e.g. commercial stocks and transport difficulties); • Warning signals (i.e. indicators, usually combined, that set off the alarm.) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  6. Food for all FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  7. Structure of the food security information and early warning system FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  8. Structure of the food security information and early warning system • Agricultural production monitoring (APM), normally combined with monitoring of the products of livestock farming; • Market information system (MIS) that usually monitors domestic trade and sometimes international trade (import/export); • Social monitoring of the most vulnerable populations or monitoring of groups at risk (MGR) that focus on monitoring poverty; • Food and nutritional surveillance system (also called food and nutrition monitoring) (FNSS), which generally, depending on the situation, monitors the health and nutritional status of populations. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  9. Agmet component of the FSIEWS • The agmet component is integrated into the agricultural production monitoring, particularly, concerning cereal crops and pasture. The crop monitoring and forecasting methods are developed around the water balance calculated during the growing season and take into account the phenological development of the plant. The monitoring of rainfed crops is based on the following principal tools: • Use of real-time meteorological data; • Use of crop specific water balance models; • Processing of real-time satellite images; • Use of spatial interpolation tools; • Use of gridded surfaces of crop-related parameters derived or not from satellite images; • Use of seasonal forecasts; • Field sample surveys, mainly for harvest estimates. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  10. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Farm Weather ? ? Crop ? Modis sensor on Aqua satellite image of Zimbabwe (1km resolution) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  11. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Meteorological stations FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  12. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Climatic data FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  13. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Climatic data FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  14. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Climatic data FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  15. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs 20010430 -999 42 -999 0 6/------- 6009 42 35 0 1 6/-///WW- 6010 43 37 1 1 6/////R/R 6011 -999 39 -999 0 6/------- 6012 56 43 23 23 6//MMRR/W 6030 53 42 -999 0 6//FF//// 6043 57 44 -999 0 6//////// 6049 57 45 11 11 6//////// 6052 61 48 0 0 6////W/// 6058 Near real-time meteorological data FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  16. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Reference data FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  17. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Rainfall monitoring http://edcsnw4.cr.usgs.gov/adds/ FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  18. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Seasonal rainfall forecast FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  19. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Seasonal rainfall forecast http://www.dmc.co.zw/ FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  20. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Agricultural statistics FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  21. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Sub-national agroclimatic statistics for Africa FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  22. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Crop Production System Zones for the Horn of Africa FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  23. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Agricultural statistics FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  24. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Crop Calendar FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  25. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Planting opportunities from 11 March to 20 July 2005 Planting dates FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  26. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Cropping areas FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  27. FSIEWS and agmet component users’ needs Ranet Data dissemination to the end-user FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  28. SDRN-Agrometeorological unit agromet@.fao.org FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  29. SDRN-Agrometeorological unit • Agro-climatic databases • Development and standardization of tools and methods of agro-climatic databases and application software • Crop monitoring ad yield forecasting • Climate-related risk in agriculture • Disaster Impact Assessment • Technical backstopping of field projects FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  30. FAO’s Agmet Unit approach • Total synergy with national and regional institutions; • Development of tools and methods; • Re-habilitation and/or strengthening of (agro)-meteorological and communication network; • Development of integrated toolboxes; • Capacity building of local staff. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  31. Crop monitoring and yield forecasting FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  32. Crop monitoring and yield forecasting Data processing chain FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  33. Crop monitoring and yield forecasting 20010430 -999 42 -999 0 6/------- 6009 42 35 0 1 6/-///WW- 6010 43 37 1 1 6/////R/R 6011 -999 39 -999 0 6/------- 6012 56 43 23 23 6//MMRR/W 6030 53 42 -999 0 6//FF//// 6043 57 44 -999 0 6//////// 6049 57 45 11 11 6//////// 6052 61 48 0 0 6////W/// 6058 Near real-time meteorological data FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  34. Crop monitoring and yield forecasting Field reports FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  35. Crop monitoring and yield forecasting Estimate of planting dates FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  36. Crop monitoring and yield forecasting FAOCLIM-NET Data Management System for point and grid data FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  37. Satellite imagery Digital Elevation Model (4 km resolution) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  38. Satellite imagery Land Cover Map (1 km resolution) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  39. Satellite imagery Meteosat Thermal Infrared image (5.5 km resolution) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  40. Satellite imagery Meteosat Second Generation composite image (1 km resolution) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  41. Satellite imagery MODIS-Terra 250m (Zambia-Malawi) FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  42. Satellite imagery Cold Cloud Duration FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  43. Satellite imagery Rain Fall Estimate FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  44. Satellite imagery NDVI-GAC FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  45. Satellite imagery SPOT-4 VEGETATION FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  46. FAO Agro-meteorological toolbox AgroMetShell FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  47. FAO Agro-meteorological toolbox • Free-ware software • Modularity • Standard files format • Import-export files format • Training support • Technical support • Long-term sustainability FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  48. FAO Agro-meteorological toolbox Crop Specific Water Balance Model Database • By Country, by Station, by List • Meteorological • Climatic • Agronomic • Soil • Import • Export Spatial Interpolation • Inverse distance • SEDI (inverse distance) • SEDI (regression) • Cokriging • Maize • Millet (bulrush) • Tef • Wheat • Sorghum • Finger Millet • Flooded rice • Upland rice • ETP • Any crop Main Modules Image Analysis • Display • Color table edit • Image calculation with formula • Cut-off image values • Rescale image • Simple variogram • Create image from other outputs Agromet Tools • Solar radiation estimate • Dekadal from monthly • Day and night-time temperatures • ET0 • LGP • Potential yield • Risk analysis Statistical Tools • Correlation • Multiple regression • PCA • Trends • Gamma distribution FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  49. FAO Agro-meteorological toolbox Main window FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

  50. FAO Agro-meteorological toolbox Visual menu FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

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