SNCC AQA English Language GCSE Unit 3 part c Spoken Language Unit 7

1. SNCC AQA English Language GCSEUnit 3 part cSpoken Language Unit7 L/O: 1. Understand variations in spoken language, explaining why language changes in relation to contexts. 2. Evaluate the impact of spoken language choices in other�s speech.

2. Controlled Assessment Dates: Essay = 800-1000 words. You will have 3 hours to write it. It will be in controlled conditions (ie under silent supervision.) You can take in brief notes, NOT drafts.

3. Assessment task: Investigate a type of public talk, such as political speeches, school assemblies etc. AQA April 2010-June 2012 This will be the first unit of your GCSE coursework for English and English Literature.

4. What will I write about? How speech is different from writing? (100 words) The features of natural speech. (100 words) Why these features are not present in political speeches. (100 words) Techniques used in political speeches. (100 words) Martin Luther King�s speech - analyse extract (200 words) Obama�s Speech � analyse extract (200 words) Conclusion (100 words) Similarities/Differences between the two speeches.

5. Essay Planning:

6. Remember: Audience, Purpose Register Audience Purpose Register Who you are speaking to. Why you are speaking to them eg to inform or entertain. How you speak � the word choices you make to make it formal or informal.

7. Differences between Writing and Speech Speech is Sound waves. A socially agreed code learned �naturally�. Sounds (phonemes) link to meanings. Expressions are conveyed through pitch, pace, tone, gestures and body language. Usually not planned. Not permanent (ephemeral). Writing Is Marks on a page A socially agreed code - learned in school Written symbols (graphemes) represent sounds (phonemes) Pauses and expressions are represented through punctuation. Usually pre-planned Relatively permanent Writing has high status eg in law

8. Natural Speech contains�Normal Non-fluency Features Unless a speech is pre-prepared everyone uses normal non-fluency features eg Fillers �Umms�, and �errs� Hesitations Self corrections Pauses Repetition False starts

9. Revision: Some technical terms: Formal language (most formal form is Standard English) Informal language Colloquial language = commonly understood informal language. Your parents would understand it eg loads of/piles of Slang � informal words � often go out of fashion parents might not understand it eg �bare people� = lots of/enough Taboo language � rude words Contractions � when you shorten two words together eg can�t Elision � when you drop a letter or the end of a word eg goin�

10. Public Speeches are: Usually pre-prepared Usually formal Scripted To a unfamiliar audience To a diverse audience (different ages interests, genders) Often broadcast beyond the original audience so they need to be very clear Heard not read � they need to be memorable. Carefully structured to help this. Have limited opportunities for feedback � responses or questions-they need to be engaging.

11. Techniques in public speeches To make it memorable: Repetitive Rhythm Repetition � words or ideas Rule of 3s Opposites Strong images to make it visual: Imagery � eg religious/American Dream Contrasting images/metaphors Alliteration Personalisation to make it feel like speaker is involved Personal pronouns To involve the audience Rhetorical Questions

12. Techniques used in Martin Luther King�s speech

13. Techniques used in Martin Luther King�s speech I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!

14. Techniques used in Barak Obama�s speech�

15. This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that�s on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She�s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing � Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old. She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn�t vote for two reasons � because she was a woman and because of the colour of her skin. And tonight, I think about all that she�s seen throughout her century in America � the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can�t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can. At a time when women�s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can. When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can. When the bombs fell on our harbour and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can. She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that �We Shall Overcome.� Yes we can. A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can. America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves � if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made? This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time � to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth � that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can�t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes We Can. Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America.

16. Now it�s your turn�