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Specialized Cell Structures

Specialized Cell Structures. Cell Wall. Description: Rigid o uter layer Outside of cell membrane Function: Support Protection Helps cell maintain its shape. Cell Membrane. Description: Outside covering of cell made of lipid bilayer Function: Barrier between cell and its environment

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Specialized Cell Structures

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  1. Specialized Cell Structures

  2. Cell Wall • Description: • Rigid outer layer • Outside of cell membrane • Function: • Support • Protection • Helps cell maintain its shape

  3. Cell Membrane • Description: • Outside covering of cell made of lipid bilayer • Function: • Barrier between cell and its environment • Controls what substances can enter or leave the cell • Provides support and protection, especially in cells without a cell wall

  4. Ribosomes • Description: • Made of protein and RNA • Very small, spherical shaped • Function: • Make proteins

  5. Cytoplasm • Description: • Jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles • Function: • Fills space between organelles • Contains materials needed by the organelles

  6. Flagella • Description: • Long, thread-like extension of a cell • Function: • Helps cell move

  7. Cilia • Description: • Short, hair-like projection on the cell surface • Function: • Used to sweep away things from the cell surface or help the cell move through fluid

  8. Nucleus • Description: • Core, central portion of cell • Function: • Contains genetic information (DNA) • Directs cell activities

  9. Nuclear Membrane • Description: • Double-layer membrane surrounding the nucleus • Function: • Separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm

  10. Nucleolus • Description: • Round structure within nucleus • Made of protein and RNA • Function: • Makes ribosomes

  11. Chloroplast • Description: • Oval or bean shaped structure with green color • Function: • Helps capture sunlight to produce food (energy) for plants

  12. Golgi Apparatus • Description: • Flattened sacs called cisternae • Function: • Modifies and packages materials created in the cell for transport (inside or outside of the cell)

  13. Lysosome • Description: • Small sacs • Function: • Use digestive enzymes to breakdown old/worn-out organelles, viruses or bacteria, and/or food particles

  14. Mitochondrion • Description: • Spherical or rod-shaped • Inner and outer membranes • Function: • Converts sugars into ATP (energy) for the cell

  15. Plastid • Description: • Double-membrane bound organelle • Function: • Involved in food storage; function depends mostly upon which pigments are present

  16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Description: • System of membranous tubes and sacs with ribosomes on the surface (making it appear rough) • Function: • Helps make and transport new proteins to Golgi apparatus or outside of the cell

  17. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Description: • System of membranous tubes and sacs • Function: • Makes lipids • Creates and stores steroids • Stores ions that cells might need • Metabolizes carbohydrates

  18. Vacuole • Description: • Sacs: smaller in animal cells, larger in plant cells • Function: • Store a variety of things such as water, nutrients, or waste products

  19. Vesicle • Description: • Small sacs • Function: • Stores, transports, or digests materials within the cell

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