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SESSION 5 - WATER GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL Gisela Forattini Voorburg, the Netherlands 22-24 May 2006

USER-PRODUCER CONFERENCE: WATER ACCOUNTING FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT. SESSION 5 - WATER GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL Gisela Forattini Voorburg, the Netherlands 22-24 May 2006. BRAZIL Federative Republic 8.5 million Km 2 186 million inhabitants source: IBGE - 2006 26 States

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SESSION 5 - WATER GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL Gisela Forattini Voorburg, the Netherlands 22-24 May 2006

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  1. USER-PRODUCER CONFERENCE: WATER ACCOUNTING FOR INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SESSION 5 - WATER GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL Gisela Forattini Voorburg, the Netherlands 22-24 May 2006

  2. BRAZIL Federative Republic 8.5 million Km2 186 million inhabitants source: IBGE - 2006 26 States 01 Federal District 5,561 Municipalities 5 Geopolitical Regions N, NE, SE, Midwest, S

  3. • 13% of the freshwater of the planet • Relation with South America – 74 transboundary basins • The great amount of water created the habit of abusive utilization of rivers and lakes • • Unbalance between water availability and demand Pantanal Semi Arid Region

  4. 12 HYDROLOGICALREGIONS 3,9 millions km2 133.000 m3/s 0,75 millions km2 11.300 m3/s 0,64 millions km2 2.000 m3/s Averagedischarge 182.900 m3/s 0,9 millions km2 11.200 m3/s

  5. WATER USE

  6. BRAZIL – Intense Urbanization Process • POPULATION IN 1950: 52 Million • URBAN AREAS: 19 Million • RURAL AREAS : 33 Million • POPULATION IN 2000: 169 Million • URBAN AREAS: 137 Million • RURAL AREAS: 32 Million SOURCE: IBGE - Census 2000

  7. Service Coverage DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY • 90 % Urban Areas • 18 % Rural Areas • 78 % Brazil

  8. Service Coverage SEWAGE COLLECTION • 56% Urban Areas • 3% Rural Areas • 47% Brazil

  9. Service Coverage SEWAGE TREATMENT Approximately 20% of collected sewage is treated

  10. HYDROPOWER • 87% of total energy generation • Installed capacity of 70,000 MW • 50% of installed capacity in Southeast region • Annual demand Increase of 15% until year 2010

  11. FEDERAL CONSTITUTION - 1988 “Art 21. The Union shall: ... XIX – implement a National Water Resources Management System and define criteria for authorization of water use”

  12. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS • Law 9.433/1997 “WATER LAW” • Establishes the National Water Resource Policy and the National Water Resources Management System • Law 9.984/2000 “ANA’S LAW” • Regulates the establishment of the National Water Agency (ANA), a federal entity to implement the National Water Resources Policy and to coordinate the National Water Resources Management System

  13. NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY Basic Principles • Water is public good • Water is a limited natural resource, which has economic value • Priority in the use of water resources is given to human consumption and the watering of animals; • Water resources management must always allow the multiple use of water • The river basin is the territorial unit for the implementation of the National Water Resources Policy • Water resources management shall be decentralized and shall involve participation of Government, users, and communities.

  14. NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES POLICY Instruments • Water resources plan • Classification of water bodies according to predominant uses • Granting of water use rights • Charging for water use • Compensation to municipalities • Water resources information system

  15. Water Board Technical Council Government Authority Office Ministry of Environment ANA National Council National Water Resources Secretariat State State State Council State Government Agency River Basin Committee Basin River Basin Agency NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

  16. FEDERAL BASIN COMMITTEES

  17. Nat. Water Res. Management System (SINGRH) AUTHORIZE ARBITRATE CONTROL MISSION RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT EXECUTIVE WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS CONFLICT AMONG USERS REGULATORY WATER USE IN FEDERAL RIVERS

  18. PRACTICAL RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED IN THE FIRST YEARS OF ANA • Full implementation of the new water management instruments in the Paraiba River basin; • Reduction of river pollution levels in the industrial southeast and • Improvement of water supply coverage in the poor semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil

  19. Water Governance refers to the various levels of political, social and administrative mechanisms that must be in place to develop and manage water resources.(GWP 2000)

  20. ACHIEVEMENTS FOR THE IWRM PROCESS IN BRAZIL • THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER AGENCY - ANA • STRENGTHENING THE CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION • FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF CIVIL SOCIETY • ACCESS TO INFORMATION ON WATER QUALITY STRENGTHENING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY AND THE NWRMS • TRANSPARENCY IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS • PARTICIPATORY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS AS IWRM KEY PRINCIPLE • WATER BASIN COMMITTEES, STATE WATER RESOURCES COUNCILS AND MUNICIPALITIES • ECONOMIC VALUATION OF WATER AND APLICATION OF THE USER/PAYER PRINCIPLE • IWRM CAPACITY BUILDING: PROGRAMME AND NETWORKS • GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN THE IWRM • NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES PLAN

  21. NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES PLAN Approved by the National Water Resources Council, on Jan, 2006. Governance - the participative and decentralized nature of this process made it possible to establish, for the 2020 time horizon, guidelines, programs, and goals, with ample social and political consensus, by means of a comprehensive process of public discussion. The general aim of the National Water Resources Plan is: “ establish a national pact for the definition of guidelines and public policies targeted at improving the supply of water, in quality and quantity, and managing demands, considering water as an essential element for implementation of sector specific policies, from a sustainable-development and social-inclusion standpoint “ http://pnrh.cnrh-srh.gov.br/

  22. SOME CHALLENGES • WATER AND SANITATION ISSUES • MDGs IMPLEMENTATION TARGETS • BALANCING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND FISCAL CONSTRAINTS • REGIONAL INTEGRATION THROUGH WATERS • BUILDING CAPACITY AND FOSTER EMPOWERMENT • SETTING UP THE CULTURE OF WATER SECURITY

  23. REFORM OF THE WATER RESOURCES SECTOR IN BRAZIL INVOLVED: DECENTRALIZATION OF DECISIONS; PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AT THE RIVER BASIN LEVEL; INDEPENDENT REGULATION OF WATER USE AND UTILIZATION OF THE USER-PAYS AND POLLUTER-PAYS PRINCIPLE • APPROPRIATE LEGISLATION IS A NECESSARY CONDITION, BUT IS NOT ENOUGH. POLITICAL WILL AND ADEQUATE INSTITUTIONS ARE FUNDAMENTAL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER REFORM • IWRM CONCEPT IS FULLY INCORPORATED IN THE BRAZILIAN WATER RESOURCES LEGISLATION • INTENSE PARTICIPATION OF ORGANIZED CIVIL SOCIETY PROVIDED INNOVATIVE THINKING AND A SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION

  24. gisela@ana.gov.br www.ana.gov.br

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