Chapter 3 Section 4 Animal Adaptations

1. Chapter 3 Section 4Animal Adaptations

2. Proficient I Can • I can analyze physical adaptations to predict which organisms are likely to survive in a particular environment. • I can analyze behavioral adaptations to predict which organisms are likely to survive in a particular environment.

3. Basic I Cans • I can identify three kinds of adaptations that help organisms survive. • I can describe the four parts of natural selection. • I can explain how variation occurs within a population. • I can explain why genetic variation within a population is important. • I can explain how resistance to insecticide is a survival characteristic.

4. Types of Adaptation • An adaptation is a characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.  • It also refers to the ability of living things to adjust to different conditions within their environments.  • Structural adaptation • Protective coloration • Mimicry • Behaviour adaptations • Migration • Hibernation

5. Structural adaptations • A structural adaptation involves some part of an animal's body. • Teeth • Body coverings    • Movement

6. Protective Coloration • Coloration and protective resemblance allow an animal to blend into its environment.  • Another word for this might be camouflage.  Their camouflage makes it hard for enemies to single out individuals.  

7. Mimicry • Mimicry allows one animal to look, sound, or act like another animal to fool predators into thinking it is poisonous or dangerous.  

8. Behaviour adaptations • Behaviour adaptations include activities that help an animal survive.  • Behaviour adaptations can be learned or instinctive. • Social behaviour   • Behaviour for protection  

9. Migration • Animals migrate for different reasons.  • better climate • better food • safe place to live • safe place to raise young • go back to the place they were born. • This is when behavioural adaptation that involves an animal or group of animals moving from one region to another and then back again. 

10. This is deep sleep in which animal’s body temp drops, body activities are slowed to conserve energy. E.g. Bats, woodchucks & bears. Hibernation

11. Adaptations for Obtaining Food • Chameleons use their long, fast-moving tongue to catch unsuspecting insects. • Woodpeckers use their long sharp beak to break into wood and look for insects to eat.

12. Predator-Prey Adaptations • Many organisms have adaptations that serve as a defense against predators. • For example, the porcupine has a protective covering. • Bright markings also warn potential predators to leave an organism alone. • Patterns with black stripes and red, orange, or yellow markings are common in many species of bees, wasps, skunks, snakes, and poisonous frogs.

13. Predator-Prey Adaptations • Another adaptation that helps both predators and prey is called camouflage. • An organism that is camouflaged is disguised so that it is hard to see even when the organism is in view.

14. Adaptations to Interactions • Two species can also adapt to interact with one another. For example, the honeycreeper and the lobelia plant have adapted to each other. • The honeycreeper has a long, curved beak, which lets it reach the nectar at the base of the long, curved lobelia flower. • As the bird sips nectar from the flower, the bird gets pollen on its head. • When the bird moves to another flower, some of the pollen will rub off. Therefore, the honeycreeper helps lobelia plants reproduce.

15. As you have already learned, adaptations help organisms survive. Organisms inherit adaptations and other characteristics from their parents. However, inherited characteristics in populations can change over time. This change is called Natural Selection, which is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. Natural Selection

16. Four Parts to Natural Selection

17. Over time, a population will be made up of more individuals with characteristics that help them survive. If a population decreases rapidly, many characteristics may be lost entirely from a population because all those individuals died. This reduction in the number of characteristics within a population is called a genetic bottleneck. If the population is able to increase again, inbreeding will cause the individuals to be genetically similar. This will make them susceptible to birth defects and genetic diseases. Changes in Genetic Variation

19. Florida Panther Population • The Florida panther population is an example of a population that has experienced a genetic bottleneck. Because of isolation from other populations, panthers, habitat loss, and an overall decrease in population size, the genetic variation within the Florida panther population has decreased. As a result, many of the panthers that survived have become genetically similar. This similarity has caused inbreeding to occur within the population. Inbreeding in panthers can result in heart defects, the failure of reproductive organs, and low birth rates.

20. Insecticide resistance is also a result of natural selection. Insecticides are used to kill insects. However, some may be resistant to certain insecticides. These insects reproduce and in turn pass the gene to their offspring making them resistant to insecticides. Insecticide Resistance

23. Proficient I Can • I can analyze physical adaptations to predict which organisms are likely to survive in a particular environment. • I can analyze behavioral adaptations to predict which organisms are likely to survive in a particular environment.